"""Classes for buffered rendering of 2D arrays of (colored) characters to the terminal

Windows provide buffered rendering of 2d arrays of (colored) charactors.

FullscreenWindow will only render arrays the size of the terminal
or smaller, and leaves no trace on exit (like top or vim). It never
scrolls the terminal. Changing the terminal size doesn't do anything,
but 2d array rendered needs to fit on the screen.

CursorAwareWindow provides the ability to find the
location of the cursor, and allows scrolling.
Sigwinches can be annotated with how the terminal scroll changed
Changing the terminal size breaks the cache, because it
is unknown how the window size change affected scrolling / the cursor.
Leaving the context of the window deletes everything below the cursor
at the beginning of the its current line.
(use scroll_down() from the last rendered line if you want to save all history)

All windows write only unicode to the terminal - that's what blessings does, so
we match it.
"""

import locale
import logging
import os
import re
import signal
import sys

import blessings

from .formatstring import fmtstr
from .formatstringarray import FSArray
from .termhelpers import Cbreak, Nonblocking
from . import events

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

SCROLL_DOWN = u"\x1bD"
FIRST_COLUMN = u"\x1b[1G"

#BIG TODO!!! 
#TODO How to get cursor position? It's a thing we need!
#
# Option 1: Window has a reference to the corresponding stdin
#           For now, going to HCF when we read input that isn't a reponse to a cursor query
#           Later will figure out how to deal with this (ungetc, use the same input gen, etc.)
#
# Is seems ungetc would require compiling code to install - that's a bit of a barrier
# for something you want to install all the time like bpython


class BaseWindow(object):
    """ Renders 2D arrays of characters and cursor position """
    def __init__(self, out_stream=sys.stdout, hide_cursor=True):
        logger.debug('-------initializing Window object %r------' % self)
        self.t = blessings.Terminal(stream=out_stream, force_styling=True)
        self.out_stream = out_stream
        self.hide_cursor = hide_cursor
        self._last_lines_by_row = {}
        self._last_rendered_width = None
        self._last_rendered_height = None

    def scroll_down(self):
        logger.debug('sending scroll down message w/ cursor on bottom line')
        with self.t.location(x=0, y=1000000):# since scroll-down only moves the screen if cursor is at bottom
            self.write(SCROLL_DOWN) #TODO will blessings do this?

    def write(self, msg):
        #logger.debug('writing %r' % msg)
        self.out_stream.write(msg)
        self.out_stream.flush()

    def __enter__(self):
        logger.debug("running BaseWindow.__enter__")
        if self.hide_cursor:
            self.write(self.t.hide_cursor)
        return self

    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        logger.debug("running BaseWindow.__exit__")
        if self.hide_cursor:
            self.write(self.t.normal_cursor)

    def on_terminal_size_change(self, height, width):
        self._last_lines_by_row = {}
        self._last_rendered_width = width
        self._last_rendered_height = height

    def render_to_terminal(self, array, cursor_pos=(0,0)):
        """Renders array to terminal"""
        raise NotImplemented

    def get_term_hw(self):
        """Returns current terminal width and height"""
        return self.t.height, self.t.width

    width  = property(lambda self: self.t.width)
    height = property(lambda self: self.t.height)

    def array_from_text(self, msg):
        rows, columns = self.t.height, self.t.width
        return self.array_from_text_rc(msg, rows, columns)

    @classmethod
    def array_from_text_rc(cls, msg, rows, columns):
        arr = FSArray(0, columns)
        i = 0
        for c in msg:
            if i >= rows * columns:
                return arr
            elif c in '\r\n':
                i = ((i // columns) + 1) * columns - 1
            else:
                arr[i // arr.width, i % arr.width] = [fmtstr(c)]
            i += 1
        return arr

    def fmtstr_to_stdout_xform(self):
        if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
            if hasattr(self.out_stream, 'encoding'):
                encoding = self.out_stream.encoding
            else:
                encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()

            def for_stdout(s):
                return unicode(s).encode(encoding, 'replace')
        else:
            def for_stdout(s):
                return str(s)
        return for_stdout


class FullscreenWindow(BaseWindow):
    """A 2d-text rendering window that dissappears when its context is left

    Uses blessings's fullscreen capabilities"""
    def __init__(self, out_stream=sys.stdout, hide_cursor=True):
        BaseWindow.__init__(self, out_stream=out_stream, hide_cursor=hide_cursor)
        self.fullscreen_ctx = self.t.fullscreen()

    def __enter__(self):
        self.fullscreen_ctx.__enter__()
        return BaseWindow.__enter__(self)

    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        self.fullscreen_ctx.__exit__(type, value, traceback)
        BaseWindow.__exit__(self, type, value, traceback)

    def render_to_terminal(self, array, cursor_pos=(0, 0)):
        """Renders array to terminal and places (0-indexed) cursor

        If array received is of width too small, render it anyway
        if array received is of width too large, render the renderable portion
        if array received is of height too small, render it anyway
        if array received is of height too large, render the renderable portion (no scroll)
        """
        #TODO there's a race condition here - these height and widths are
        # super fresh - they might change between the array being constructed and rendered
        # Maybe the right behavior is to throw away the render in the signal handler?
        height, width = self.height, self.width

        for_stdout = self.fmtstr_to_stdout_xform()
        if not self.hide_cursor:
            self.write(self.t.hide_cursor)
        if height != self._last_rendered_height or width != self._last_rendered_width:
            self.on_terminal_size_change(height, width)

        current_lines_by_row = {}
        rows = list(range(height))
        rows_for_use = rows[:len(array)]
        rest_of_rows = rows[len(array):]

        # rows which we have content for and don't require scrolling
        for row, line in zip(rows_for_use, array):
            current_lines_by_row[row] = line
            if line == self._last_lines_by_row.get(row, None):
                continue
            self.write(self.t.move(row, 0))
            self.write(for_stdout(line))
            if len(line) < width:
                self.write(self.t.clear_eol)

        # rows onscreen that we don't have content for
        for row in rest_of_rows:
            if self._last_lines_by_row and row not in self._last_lines_by_row: continue
            self.write(self.t.move(row, 0))
            self.write(self.t.clear_eol)
            self.write(self.t.clear_bol)
            current_lines_by_row[row] = None

        logger.debug('lines in last lines by row: %r' % self._last_lines_by_row.keys())
        logger.debug('lines in current lines by row: %r' % current_lines_by_row.keys())
        self.write(self.t.move(*cursor_pos))
        self._last_lines_by_row = current_lines_by_row
        if not self.hide_cursor:
            self.write(self.t.normal_cursor)


class CursorAwareWindow(BaseWindow):
    """

    Cursor diff depends on cursor never being touched by the application
    Only use the render_to_terminal interface for moving the cursor"""
    def __init__(self, out_stream=sys.stdout, in_stream=sys.stdin,
                 keep_last_line=False, hide_cursor=True, extra_bytes_callback=None):
        """

        extra_bytes_callback is a function that will be called with extra bytes
        read from in_stream if they are inadvertantly read during a cursor_position call
        """
        BaseWindow.__init__(self, out_stream=out_stream, hide_cursor=hide_cursor)
        self.in_stream = in_stream
        self._last_cursor_column = None
        self._last_cursor_row = None
        self.keep_last_line = keep_last_line
        self.cbreak = Cbreak(self.in_stream)
        self.extra_bytes_callback = extra_bytes_callback
        self.another_sigwinch = False   # whether another SIGWINCH is queued up
        self.in_get_cursor_diff = False # in the cursor query code of cursor diff

    def __enter__(self):
        if hasattr(self.in_stream, 'file_no'): #fake files aren't buffered, no need for cbreak
            self.cbreak.__enter__()
        self.top_usable_row, _ = self.get_cursor_position()
        self._orig_top_usable_row = self.top_usable_row
        logger.debug('initial top_usable_row: %d' % self.top_usable_row)
        return BaseWindow.__enter__(self)

    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        if self.keep_last_line:
            self.write(SCROLL_DOWN) # just moves cursor down if not on last line

        self.write(FIRST_COLUMN)
        self.write(self.t.clear_eos)
        self.write(self.t.clear_eol)
        if hasattr(self.in_stream, 'file_no'): #fake files aren't buffered
            self.cbreak.__exit__(type, value, traceback)
        BaseWindow.__exit__(self, type, value, traceback)

    def get_cursor_position(self):
        """Returns the terminal (row, column) of the cursor

        0-indexed, like blessings cursor positions"""
        in_stream = self.in_stream # TODO would this be cleaner as a parameter?

        QUERY_CURSOR_POSITION = u"\x1b[6n"
        self.write(QUERY_CURSOR_POSITION)

        def retrying_read():
            while True:
                try:
                    c = in_stream.read(1)
                    if c == '':
                        raise ValueError("Stream should be blocking - should't return ''. Returned %r so far", (resp,))
                    return c
                except IOError:
                    raise ValueError('cursor get pos response read interrupted')
                    # to find out if this ever really happens
                    logger.debug('read interrupted, retrying')

        resp = ''
        while True:
            c = retrying_read()
            resp += c
            m = re.search('(?P<extra>.*)(?P<CSI>\x1b\[|\x9b)(?P<row>\\d+);(?P<column>\\d+)R', resp)
            if m:
                row = int(m.groupdict()['row'])
                col = int(m.groupdict()['column'])
                extra = m.groupdict()['extra']
                if extra:
                    if self.extra_bytes_callback:
                        self.extra_bytes_callback(extra.encode(in_stream.encoding))
                    else:
                        raise ValueError(("Bytes preceding cursor position query response thrown out:\n%r\n"
                                          "Pass an extra_bytes_callback to CursorAwareWindow to prevent this") % (extra,))
                return (row-1, col-1)

    def get_cursor_vertical_diff(self):
        """Returns the how far down the cursor moved

        If another get_cursor_vertical diff call is already in progress,
        immediately returns zero.

        Does cursory querying until a SIGWINCH doesn't happen during
        the query. Calls to the function from a signal handler COULD STILL
        HAPPEN out of order - they just can't interrupt the actual cursor query.
        """
        if self.in_get_cursor_diff:
            self.another_sigwinch = True
            return 0

        cursor_dy = 0
        while True:
            self.in_get_cursor_diff = True
            self.another_sigwinch = False
            cursor_dy += self._get_cursor_vertical_diff_once()
            self.in_get_cursor_diff = False
            if not self.another_sigwinch:
                return cursor_dy

    def _get_cursor_vertical_diff_once(self):
        """Returns the how far down the cursor moved"""
        old_top_usable_row = self.top_usable_row
        row, col = self.get_cursor_position()
        if self._last_cursor_row is None:
            cursor_dy = 0
        else:
            cursor_dy = row - self._last_cursor_row
            logger.info('cursor moved %d lines down' % cursor_dy)
            while self.top_usable_row > -1 and cursor_dy > 0:
                self.top_usable_row += 1
                cursor_dy -= 1
            while self.top_usable_row > 1 and cursor_dy < 0:
                self.top_usable_row -= 1
                cursor_dy += 1
        logger.info('top usable row changed from %d to %d', old_top_usable_row, self.top_usable_row)
        logger.info('returning cursor dy of %d from curtsies' % cursor_dy)
        self._last_cursor_row = row
        return cursor_dy

    def render_to_terminal(self, array, cursor_pos=(0,0)):
        """Renders array to terminal, returns the number of lines
            scrolled offscreen
        outputs:
         -number of times scrolled

        If array received is of width too small, render it anyway
        if array received is of width too large, render it anyway
        if array received is of height too small, render it anyway
        if array received is of height too large, render it, scroll down,
            and render the rest of it, then return how much we scrolled down
        """
        for_stdout = self.fmtstr_to_stdout_xform()
        # caching of write and tc (avoiding the self. lookups etc) made
        # no significant performance difference here
        if not self.hide_cursor:
            self.write(self.t.hide_cursor)
        height, width = self.t.height, self.t.width #TODO race condition here?
        if height != self._last_rendered_height or width != self._last_rendered_width:
            self.on_terminal_size_change(height, width)

        current_lines_by_row = {}
        rows_for_use = list(range(self.top_usable_row, height))

        # rows which we have content for and don't require scrolling
        shared = min(len(array), len(rows_for_use)) #TODO rename shared
        for row, line in zip(rows_for_use[:shared], array[:shared]):
            current_lines_by_row[row] = line
            if line == self._last_lines_by_row.get(row, None):
                continue
            self.write(self.t.move(row, 0))
            self.write(for_stdout(line))
            if len(line) < width:
                self.write(self.t.clear_eol)

        # rows already on screen that we don't have content for
        rest_of_lines = array[shared:]
        rest_of_rows = rows_for_use[shared:]
        for row in rest_of_rows: # if array too small
            if self._last_lines_by_row and row not in self._last_lines_by_row: continue
            self.write(self.t.move(row, 0))
            self.write(self.t.clear_eol)
            self.write(self.t.clear_bol) #TODO probably not necessary - is first char cleared?
            current_lines_by_row[row] = None

        # lines for which we need to scroll down to render
        offscreen_scrolls = 0
        for line in rest_of_lines: # if array too big
            self.scroll_down()
            if self.top_usable_row > 0:
                self.top_usable_row -= 1
            else:
                offscreen_scrolls += 1
            current_lines_by_row = dict((k-1, v) for k, v in current_lines_by_row.items())
            logger.debug('new top_usable_row: %d' % self.top_usable_row)
            self.write(self.t.move(height-1, 0)) # since scrolling moves the cursor
            self.write(for_stdout(line))
            current_lines_by_row[height-1] = line

        logger.debug('lines in last lines by row: %r' % self._last_lines_by_row.keys())
        logger.debug('lines in current lines by row: %r' % current_lines_by_row.keys())
        self._last_cursor_row = cursor_pos[0]-offscreen_scrolls+self.top_usable_row
        self._last_cursor_column = cursor_pos[1]
        self.write(self.t.move(self._last_cursor_row, self._last_cursor_column))
        self._last_lines_by_row = current_lines_by_row
        if not self.hide_cursor:
            self.write(self.t.normal_cursor)
        return offscreen_scrolls


def demo():
    handler = logging.FileHandler(filename='display.log')
    logging.getLogger(__name__).setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(handler)
    from . import input
    with FullscreenWindow(sys.stdout) as w:
        with input.Input(sys.stdin) as input_generator:
            rows, columns = w.t.height, w.t.width
            while True:
                c = input_generator.next()
                if c == "":
                    sys.exit() # same as raise SystemExit()
                elif c == "h":
                    a = w.array_from_text("a for small array")
                elif c == "a":
                    a = [fmtstr(c*columns) for _ in range(rows)]
                elif c == "s":
                    a = [fmtstr(c*columns) for _ in range(rows-1)]
                elif c == "d":
                    a = [fmtstr(c*columns) for _ in range(rows+1)]
                elif c == "f":
                    a = [fmtstr(c*columns) for _ in range(rows-2)]
                elif c == "q":
                    a = [fmtstr(c*columns) for _ in range(1)]
                elif c == "w":
                    a = [fmtstr(c*columns) for _ in range(1)]
                elif c == "e":
                    a = [fmtstr(c*columns) for _ in range(1)]
                elif c == '\x0c': # ctrl-L
                    [w.write('\n') for _ in range(rows)]
                    continue
                else:
                    a = w.array_from_text("unknown command")
                w.render_to_terminal(a)


def main():
    handler = logging.FileHandler(filename='display.log', level=logging.DEBUG)
    logging.getLogger(__name__).setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(handler)
    from .termhelpers import Cbreak
    print('this should be just off-screen')
    w = FullscreenWindow(sys.stdout)
    rows, columns = w.t.height, w.t.width
    with w:
        a = [fmtstr((('.row%r.' % (row,)) * rows)[:columns]) for row in range(rows)]
        w.render_to_terminal(a)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    demo()
