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# LaTeX options for graphs

This module provides a class to hold, manipulate and employ various options for rendering a graph in LaTeX, in addition to providing the code that actually generates a LaTeX representation of a (combinatorial) graph.

AUTHORS:

- Rob Beezer (2009-05-20): `GraphLatex` class
- Fidel Barerra Cruz (2009-05-20): `tkz-graph` commands to render a graph
- Nicolas M. Thiery (2010-02): dot2tex/graphviz interface
- Rob Beezer (2010-05-29): Extended range of `tkz-graph` options

## LaTeX Versions of Graphs

Many mathematical objects in Sage have LaTeX representations, and graphs are no exception. For a graph `g`, the command `view(g)`, issued at the Sage command line or in the notebook, will create a graphic version of `g`. Similarly, `latex(g)` will return a (long) string that is a representation of the graph in LaTeX. Other ways of employing LaTeX in Sage, such as `%latex` in a notebook cell, or the Typeset checkbox in the notebook, will handle `g` appropriately.

Support through the `tkz-graph` package is by Alain Matthes, the author of `tkz-graph`, whose work can be found at his Altermundus.com site.

The range of possible options for customizing the appearance of a graph are carefully documented at `sage.graphs.graph_latex.GraphLatex.set_option()`. As a broad overview, the following options are supported:

> - Pre-built Styles: the pre-built styles of the tkz-graph package provide nice drawings quickly
> - Dimensions: can be specified in natural units, then uniformly scaled after design work
> - Vertex Colors: the perimeter and fill color for vertices can be specified, including on a per-vertex basis
> - Vertex Shapes: may be circles, shaded spheres, rectangles or diamonds, including on a per-vertex basis
> - Vertex Sizes: may be specified as minimums, and will automatically sized to contain vertex labels, including on a per-vertex basis
> - Vertex Labels: can use latex formatting, and may have their colors specified, including on a per-vertex basis
> - Vertex Label Placement: can be interior to the vertex, or external at a configurable location
> - Edge Colors: a solid color with or without a second color down the middle, on a per-edge basis
> - Edge Thickness: can be set, including on a per-edge basis
> - Edge Labels: can use latex formatting, and may have their colors specified, including on a per-edge basis
> - Edge Label Placement: can be to the left, right, above, below, inline, and then sloped or horizontal
> - Digraph Edges: are slightly curved, with arrowheads
> - Loops: may be specified by their size, and with a direction equaling one of the four compass points

To use LaTeX in Sage you of course need a working TeX installation and it will work best if you have the `dvipng` and `convert` utilities. For graphs you need the `tkz-graph.sty` and `tkz-berge.sty` style files of the tkz-graph package. TeX, dvipng, and convert should be widely available through package managers or installers. You may need to install the tkz-graph style files in the appropriate locations, a task beyond the scope of this introduction. Primary locations for these programs are:

- TeX: http://ctan.org/
- dvipng: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvipng/
- convert: http://www.imagemagick.org (the ImageMagick suite)
- tkz-graph: http://altermundus.com/pages/graph.html

Customizing the output is accomplished in several ways. Suppose `g` is a graph, then `g.set_latex_options()` can be used to efficiently set or modify various options. Setting individual options, or querying options, can be accomplished by first using a command like `opts = g.latex_options()` to obtain a `sage.graphs.graph_latex.GraphLatex` object which has several methods to set and retrieve options.

Here is a minimal session demonstrating how to use these features. The following setup should work in the notebook or at the command-line.

    sage: H = graphs.HeawoodGraph()
    sage: H.set_latex_options(
    ...   graphic_size=(5,5),
    ...   vertex_size=0.2,
    ...   edge_thickness=0.04,
    ...   edge_color='green',
    ...   vertex_color='green',
    ...   vertex_label_color='red'
    ...   )

At this point, `view(H)` should call `pdflatex` to process the string created by `latex(H)` and then display the resulting graphic.

To use this image in a LaTeX document, you could of course just copy and save the resulting graphic. However, the `latex()` command will produce the underlying LaTeX code, which can be incorporated into a standalone LaTeX document.

    sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
    sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
    sage: latex(H)
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    %
    \useasboundingbox (0,0) rectangle (5.0cm,5.0cm);
    %
    \definecolor{cv0}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv0}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv0}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv1}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv1}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv1}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv2}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv2}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv2}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv3}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv3}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv3}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv4}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv4}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv4}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv5}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv5}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv5}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv6}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv6}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv6}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv7}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv7}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv7}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv8}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv8}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv8}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv9}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv9}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv9}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv10}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv10}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv10}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv11}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv11}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv11}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv12}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv12}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv12}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv13}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv13}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv13}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv0v1}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv0v5}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv0v13}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv1v2}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv1v10}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv2v3}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv2v7}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv3v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv3v12}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv4v5}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv4v9}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv5v6}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv6v7}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv6v11}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv7v8}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv8v9}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv8v13}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv9v10}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv10v11}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv11v12}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv12v13}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    %
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv0,fill=cfv0,text=clv0,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$0$},x=2.5cm,y=5.0cm]{v0}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv1,fill=cfv1,text=clv1,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$1$},x=1.3874cm,y=4.7524cm]{v1}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv2,fill=cfv2,text=clv2,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$2$},x=0.4952cm,y=4.0587cm]{v2}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv3,fill=cfv3,text=clv3,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$3$},x=0.0cm,y=3.0563cm]{v3}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv4,fill=cfv4,text=clv4,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$4$},x=0.0cm,y=1.9437cm]{v4}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv5,fill=cfv5,text=clv5,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$5$},x=0.4952cm,y=0.9413cm]{v5}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv6,fill=cfv6,text=clv6,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$6$},x=1.3874cm,y=0.2476cm]{v6}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv7,fill=cfv7,text=clv7,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$7$},x=2.5cm,y=0.0cm]{v7}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv8,fill=cfv8,text=clv8,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$8$},x=3.6126cm,y=0.2476cm]{v8}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv9,fill=cfv9,text=clv9,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$9$},x=4.5048cm,y=0.9413cm]{v9}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv10,fill=cfv10,text=clv10,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$10$},x=5.0cm,y=1.9437cm]{v10}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv11,fill=cfv11,text=clv11,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$11$},x=5.0cm,y=3.0563cm]{v11}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv12,fill=cfv12,text=clv12,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$12$},x=4.5048cm,y=4.0587cm]{v12}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.2cm,draw=cv13,fill=cfv13,text=clv13,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$13$},x=3.6126cm,y=4.7524cm]{v13}
    %
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv0v1,},](v0)(v1)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv0v5,},](v0)(v5)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv0v13,},](v0)(v13)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv1v2,},](v1)(v2)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv1v10,},](v1)(v10)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv2v3,},](v2)(v3)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv2v7,},](v2)(v7)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv3v4,},](v3)(v4)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv3v12,},](v3)(v12)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv4v5,},](v4)(v5)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv4v9,},](v4)(v9)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv5v6,},](v5)(v6)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv6v7,},](v6)(v7)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv6v11,},](v6)(v11)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv7v8,},](v7)(v8)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv8v9,},](v8)(v9)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv8v13,},](v8)(v13)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv9v10,},](v9)(v10)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv10v11,},](v10)(v11)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv11v12,},](v11)(v12)
    \Edge[lw=0.04cm,style={color=cv12v13,},](v12)(v13)
    %
    \end{tikzpicture}

EXAMPLES:

This example illustrates switching between the built-in styles when using the tkz_graph format.

    sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
    sage: g.set_latex_options(tkz_style = 'Classic')
    sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
    sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
    sage: latex(g)
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    ...
    \GraphInit[vstyle=Classic]
    ...
    \end{tikzpicture}
    sage: opts = g.latex_options()
    sage: opts
    LaTeX options for Petersen graph: {'tkz_style': 'Classic'}
    sage: g.set_latex_options(tkz_style = 'Art')
    sage: opts.get_option('tkz_style')
    'Art'
    sage: opts
    LaTeX options for Petersen graph: {'tkz_style': 'Art'}
    sage: latex(g)
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    ...
    \GraphInit[vstyle=Art]
    ...
    \end{tikzpicture}

This example illustrates using the optional dot2tex module:

    sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
    sage: g.set_latex_options(format='dot2tex',prog='neato') # optional - dot2tex
    sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
    sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
    sage: latex(g) # optional - dot2tex
    \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,line join=bevel,]
    ...
    \end{tikzpicture}

Among other things, this supports the flexible `edge_options` option (see `sage.graphs.generic_graph.GenericGraph.graphviz_string()`); here we color in red all edges touching the vertex `0`:

    sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
    sage: g.set_latex_options(format="dot2tex", edge_options = lambda (u,v,label): {"color": "red"} if u==0 else {})
    sage: latex(g) # optional - dot2tex
    \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,line join=bevel,]
    ...
    \end{tikzpicture}

TEST:

This graph will look horrible, but it illustrates (and tests) a great variety of the possible options available through Sage’s interface to the `tkz-graph` package. So it is worth viewing this in the notebook to see the effects of various defaults and choices.

    sage: var('x y u w')
    (x, y, u, w)
    sage: G = Graph(loops=True)
    sage: for i in range(5):
    ...      for j in range(i+1, 5):
    ...           G.add_edge((i, j), label=(x^i*y^j).expand())
    sage: G.add_edge((0,0), label=sin(u))
    sage: G.add_edge((4,4), label=w^5)
    sage: G.set_pos(G.layout_circular())
    sage: G.set_latex_options(
    ...   units='in',
    ...   graphic_size=(8,8),
    ...   margins=(1,2,2,1),
    ...   scale=0.5,
    ...   vertex_color='0.8',
    ...   vertex_colors={1:'aqua', 3:'y', 4:'#0000FF'},
    ...   vertex_fill_color='blue',
    ...   vertex_fill_colors={1:'green', 3:'b', 4:'#FF00FF'},
    ...   vertex_label_color='brown',
    ...   vertex_label_colors={0:'g',1:'purple',2:'#007F00'},
    ...   vertex_shape='diamond',
    ...   vertex_shapes={1:'rectangle', 2:'sphere', 3:'sphere', 4:'circle'},
    ...   vertex_size=0.3,
    ...   vertex_sizes={0:1.0, 2:0.3, 4:1.0},
    ...   vertex_label_placements = {2:(0.6, 180), 4:(0,45)},
    ...   edge_color='purple',
    ...   edge_colors={(0,2):'g',(3,4):'red'},
    ...   edge_fills=True,
    ...   edge_fill_color='green',
    ...   edge_label_colors={(2,3):'y',(0,4):'blue'},
    ...   edge_thickness=0.05,
    ...   edge_thicknesses={(3,4):0.2, (0,4):0.02},
    ...   edge_labels=True,
    ...   edge_label_sloped=True,
    ...   edge_label_slopes={(0,3):False, (2,4):False},
    ...   edge_label_placement=0.50,
    ...   edge_label_placements={(0,4):'above', (2,3):'left', (0,0):'above', (4,4):'below'},
    ...   loop_placement=(2.0, 'NO'),
    ...   loop_placements={4:(8.0, 'EA')}
    ...   )
    sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
    sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
    sage: print latex(G)
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    %
    \useasboundingbox (0,0) rectangle (4.0in,4.0in);
    %
    \definecolor{cv0}{rgb}{0.8,0.8,0.8}
    \definecolor{cfv0}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv0}{rgb}{0.0,0.5,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv1}{rgb}{0.0,1.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{cfv1}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv1}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cv2}{rgb}{0.8,0.8,0.8}
    \definecolor{cfv2}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv2}{rgb}{0.0,0.498,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv3}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv3}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv3}{rgb}{0.6471,0.1647,0.1647}
    \definecolor{cv4}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{cfv4}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{clv4}{rgb}{0.6471,0.1647,0.1647}
    \definecolor{cv0v0}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv0v0}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv0v0}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv0v1}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv0v1}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv0v1}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv0v2}{rgb}{0.0,0.5,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv0v2}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv0v2}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv0v3}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv0v3}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv0v3}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv0v4}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv0v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv0v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,1.0}
    \definecolor{cv1v2}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv1v2}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv1v2}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv1v3}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv1v3}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv1v3}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv1v4}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv1v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv1v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv2v3}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv2v3}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv2v3}{rgb}{0.75,0.75,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv2v4}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv2v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv2v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv3v4}{rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cfv3v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv3v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    \definecolor{cv4v4}{rgb}{0.502,0.0,0.502}
    \definecolor{cfv4v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.502,0.0}
    \definecolor{clv4v4}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
    %
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.5in,draw=cv0,fill=cfv0,text=clv0,shape=diamond},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$0$},x=1.75in,y=3.0in]{v0}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.15in,draw=cv1,fill=cfv1,text=clv1,shape=rectangle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$1$},x=0.5in,y=2.0451in]{v1}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.15in,draw=cv2,fill=cfv2,text=clv2,shape=circle,shading=ball,line width=0pt,ball color=cv2,},LabelOut=true,Ldist=0.3in,Lpos=180.0,L=\hbox{$2$},x=0.9775in,y=0.5in]{v2}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.15in,draw=cv3,fill=cfv3,text=clv3,shape=circle,shading=ball,line width=0pt,ball color=cv3,},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$3$},x=2.5225in,y=0.5in]{v3}
    \Vertex[style={minimum size=0.5in,draw=cv4,fill=cfv4,text=clv4,shape=circle},LabelOut=true,Ldist=0.0in,Lpos=45.0,L=\hbox{$4$},x=3.0in,y=2.0451in]{v4}
    %
    \Loop[dist=1.0in,dir=NO,style={color=cv0v0,double=cfv0v0},labelstyle={sloped,above,text=clv0v0,},label=\hbox{$\sin\left(u\right)$},](v0)
    \Edge[lw=0.025in,style={color=cv0v1,double=cfv0v1},labelstyle={sloped,pos=0.5,text=clv0v1,},label=\hbox{$y$},](v0)(v1)
    \Edge[lw=0.025in,style={color=cv0v2,double=cfv0v2},labelstyle={sloped,pos=0.5,text=clv0v2,},label=\hbox{$y^{2}$},](v0)(v2)
    \Edge[lw=0.025in,style={color=cv0v3,double=cfv0v3},labelstyle={pos=0.5,text=clv0v3,},label=\hbox{$y^{3}$},](v0)(v3)
    \Edge[lw=0.01in,style={color=cv0v4,double=cfv0v4},labelstyle={sloped,above,text=clv0v4,},label=\hbox{$y^{4}$},](v0)(v4)
    \Edge[lw=0.025in,style={color=cv1v2,double=cfv1v2},labelstyle={sloped,pos=0.5,text=clv1v2,},label=\hbox{$x y^{2}$},](v1)(v2)
    \Edge[lw=0.025in,style={color=cv1v3,double=cfv1v3},labelstyle={sloped,pos=0.5,text=clv1v3,},label=\hbox{$x y^{3}$},](v1)(v3)
    \Edge[lw=0.025in,style={color=cv1v4,double=cfv1v4},labelstyle={sloped,pos=0.5,text=clv1v4,},label=\hbox{$x y^{4}$},](v1)(v4)
    \Edge[lw=0.025in,style={color=cv2v3,double=cfv2v3},labelstyle={sloped,left,text=clv2v3,},label=\hbox{$x^{2} y^{3}$},](v2)(v3)
    \Edge[lw=0.025in,style={color=cv2v4,double=cfv2v4},labelstyle={pos=0.5,text=clv2v4,},label=\hbox{$x^{2} y^{4}$},](v2)(v4)
    \Edge[lw=0.1in,style={color=cv3v4,double=cfv3v4},labelstyle={sloped,pos=0.5,text=clv3v4,},label=\hbox{$x^{3} y^{4}$},](v3)(v4)
    \Loop[dist=4.0in,dir=EA,style={color=cv4v4,double=cfv4v4},labelstyle={sloped,below,text=clv4v4,},label=\hbox{$w^{5}$},](v4)
    %
    \end{tikzpicture}

## GraphLatex class and functions

class `sage.graphs.graph_latex.``GraphLatex`(graph, **options)

  Bases: `sage.structure.sage_object.SageObject`

  A class to hold, manipulate and employ options for converting a graph to LaTeX.

  This class serves two purposes. First it holds the values of various options designed to work with the `tkz-graph` LaTeX package for rendering graphs. As such, a graph that uses this class will hold a reference to it. Second, this class contains the code to convert a graph into the corresponding LaTeX constructs, returning a string.

  EXAMPLES:

      sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import GraphLatex
      sage: opts = GraphLatex(graphs.PetersenGraph())
      sage: opts
      LaTeX options for Petersen graph: {}
      sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
      sage: opts = g.latex_options()
      sage: g == loads(dumps(g))
      True

  `dot2tex_picture`()

    Calls dot2tex to construct a string of LaTeX commands representing a graph as a `tikzpicture`.

    EXAMPLES:

        sage: g = digraphs.ButterflyGraph(1)
        sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
        sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
        sage: print g.latex_options().dot2tex_picture()  # optional - dot2tex graphviz
        \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,line join=bevel,]
        %%
          \node (node_3) at (...bp,...bp) [draw,draw=none] {$\left(1, 1\right)$};
          \node (node_2) at (...bp,...bp) [draw,draw=none] {$\left(1, 0\right)$};
          \node (node_1) at (...bp,...bp) [draw,draw=none] {$\left(0, 1\right)$};
          \node (node_0) at (...bp,...bp) [draw,draw=none] {$\left(0, 0\right)$};
          \draw [black,->] (node_0) ..controls (...bp,...bp) and (...bp,...bp)  .. (node_3);
          \draw [black,->] (node_2) ..controls (...bp,...bp) and (...bp,...bp)  .. (node_1);
          \draw [black,->] (node_0) ..controls (...bp,...bp) and (...bp,...bp)  .. (node_1);
          \draw [black,->] (node_2) ..controls (...bp,...bp) and (...bp,...bp)  .. (node_3);
        %
        \end{tikzpicture}

    We make sure trac ticket #13624 is fixed:

        sage: G = DiGraph()
        sage: G.add_edge(3333, 88, 'my_label')
        sage: G.set_latex_options(edge_labels=True)
        sage: print G.latex_options().dot2tex_picture() # optional - dot2tex graphviz
        \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,line join=bevel,]
        %%
        \node (node_1) at (...bp,...bp) [draw,draw=none] {$3333$};
          \node (node_0) at (...bp,...bp) [draw,draw=none] {$88$};
          \draw [black,->] (node_1) ..controls (...bp,...bp) and (...bp,...bp)  .. (node_0);
          \definecolor{strokecol}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0};
          \pgfsetstrokecolor{strokecol}
          \draw (...bp,...bp) node {$\text{\texttt{my{\char`\_}label}}$};
        %
        \end{tikzpicture}

    Note: there is a lot of overlap between what tkz_picture and dot2tex do. It would be best to merge them! dot2tex probably can work without graphviz if layout information is provided.

  `get_option`(option_name)

    Returns the current value of the named option.

    INPUT:

    - option_name - the name of an option

    OUTPUT:

    If the name is not present in `__graphlatex_options` it is an error to ask for it. If an option has not been set then the default value is returned. Otherwise, the value of the option is returned.

    EXAMPLES:

        sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
        sage: opts = g.latex_options()
        sage: opts.set_option('tkz_style', 'Art')
        sage: opts.get_option('tkz_style')
        'Art'
        sage: opts.set_option('tkz_style')
        sage: opts.get_option('tkz_style') == "Custom"
        True
        sage: opts.get_option('bad_name')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: bad_name is not a Latex option for a graph.

  `latex`()

    Returns a string in LaTeX representing a graph.

    This is the command that is invoked by `sage.graphs.generic_graph.GenericGraph._latex_` for a graph, so it returns a string of LaTeX commands that can be incorporated into a LaTeX document unmodified. The exact contents of this string are influenced by the options set via the methods `sage.graphs.generic_graph.GenericGraph.set_latex_options()`, `set_option()`, and `set_options()`.

    By setting the `format` option different packages can be used to create the latex version of a graph. Supported packages are `tkz-graph` and `dot2tex`.

    EXAMPLES:

        sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
        sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
        sage: g = graphs.CompleteGraph(2)
        sage: opts = g.latex_options()
        sage: print opts.latex()
        \begin{tikzpicture}
        %
        \useasboundingbox (0,0) rectangle (5.0cm,5.0cm);
        %
        \definecolor{cv0}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cfv0}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
        \definecolor{clv0}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cv1}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cfv1}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
        \definecolor{clv1}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cv0v1}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        %
        \Vertex[style={minimum size=1.0cm,draw=cv0,fill=cfv0,text=clv0,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$0$},x=5.0cm,y=5.0cm]{v0}
        \Vertex[style={minimum size=1.0cm,draw=cv1,fill=cfv1,text=clv1,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$1$},x=0.0cm,y=0.0cm]{v1}
        %
        \Edge[lw=0.1cm,style={color=cv0v1,},](v0)(v1)
        %
        \end{tikzpicture}

  `set_option`(option_name, option_value=None)

    Sets, modifies, clears a LaTeX option for controlling the rendering of a graph.

    The possible options are documented here, because ultimately it is this routine that sets the values. However, the `sage.graphs.generic_graph.GenericGraph.set_latex_options()` method is the easiest way to set options, and allows several to be set at once.

    INPUTS:

    - `option_name` - a string for a latex option contained in the list `sage.graphs.graph_latex.GraphLatex.__graphlatex_options`. A `ValueError` is raised if the option is not allowed.
    - `option_value` - a value for the option. If omitted, or set to `None`, the option will use the default value.

    The output can be either handled internally by `Sage`, or delegated to the external software `dot2tex` and `graphviz`. This is controlled by the option ‘format’:

    - `format` – default: ‘tkz_graph’ – either ‘dot2tex’ or ‘tkz_graph’.

    If format is ‘dot2tex’, then all the LaTeX generation will be delegated to `dot2tex` (which must be installed).

    For `tkz_graph`, the possible option names, and associated values are given below. This first group allows you to set a style for a graph and specify some sizes related to the eventual image. (For more information consult the documentation for the `tkz-graph` package.)

    - `tkz_style` – default: ‘Custom’ – the name of a pre-defined `tkz-graph` style such as ‘Shade’, ‘Art’, ‘Normal’, ‘Dijkstra’, ‘Welsh’, ‘Classic’, and ‘Simple’, or the string ‘Custom’. Using one of these styles alone will often give a reasonably good drawing with minimal effort. For a custom appearance set this to ‘Custom’ and use the options described below to override the default values.
    - `units` – default: ‘cm’ – a natural unit of measurement used for all dimensions. Possible values are: ‘in’,’mm’,’cm’,’pt’, ‘em’, ‘ex’
    - `scale` – default: ‘1.0’ – a dimensionless number that multiplies every linear dimension. So you can design at sizes you are accustomed to, then shrink or expand to meet other needs. Though fonts do not scale.
    - `graphic_size` – default: (5,5) – overall dimensions (width, length) of the bounding box around the entire graphic image
    - `margins` – default: (0,0,0,0) – portion of graphic given over to a plain border as a tuple of four numbers: (left, right, top, bottom). These are subtracted from the `graphic_size` to create the area left for the vertices of the graph itself. Note that the processing done by Sage will trim the graphic down to the minimum possible size, removing any border. So this is only useful if you use the latex string in a latex document.

    If not using a pre-built style the following options are used, so the following defaults will apply. It is not possible to begin with a pre-built style and modify it (other than editing the latex string by hand after the fact).

    - `vertex_color` – default: ‘black’ – a single color to use as the default for outline of vertices. For the `sphere` shape this color is used for the entire vertex, which is drawn with a 3D shading. Colors must be specified as a string recognized by the matplotlib library: a standard color name like ‘red’, or a hex string like ‘#2D87A7’, or a single character from the choices ‘rgbcmykw’. Additionally, a number between 0 and 1 will create a grayscale value. These color specifications are consistent throughout the options for a `tkzpicture`.
    - `vertex_colors` – a dictionary whose keys are vertices of the graph and whose values are colors. These will be used to color the outline of vertices. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values. These values need only be specified for a proper subset of the vertices. Specified values will supersede a default value.
    - `vertex_fill_color` – default: ‘white’ – a single color to use as the default for the fill color of vertices. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values. This color is ignored for the `sphere` vertex shape.
    - `vertex__fill_colors` – a dictionary whose keys are vertices of the graph and whose values are colors. These will be used to fill the interior of vertices. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values. These values need only be specified for a proper subset of the vertices. Specified values will supersede a default value.
    - `vertex_shape` – default: ‘circle’ – a string for the shape of the vertices. Allowable values are ‘circle’, ‘sphere’, ‘rectangle’, ‘diamond’. The sphere shape has a 3D look to its coloring and is uses only one color, that specified by `vertex_color` and `vertex_colors`, which are normally used for the outline of the vertex.
    - `vertex_shapes` – a dictionary whose keys are vertices of the graph and whose values are shapes. See `vertex_shape` for the allowable possibilities.
    - `vertex_size`– default: 1.0 – the minimum size of a vertex as a number. Vertices will expand to contain their labels if the labels are placed inside the vertices. If you set this value to zero the vertex will be as small as possible (up to tkz-graph’s “inner sep” parameter), while still containing labels. However, if labels are not of a uniform size, then the verrices will not be either.
    - `vertex_sizes` – a dictionary of sizes for some of the vertices.
    - `vertex_labels` – default: `True` – a boolean to determine whether or not to display the vertex labels. If `False` subsequent options about vertex labels are ignored.
    - `vertex_labels_math` – default: `True` – when true, if a label is a string that begins and ends with dollar signs, then the string will be rendered as a latex string. Otherwise, the label will be automatically subjected to the `latex()` method and rendered accordingly. If `False` the label is rendered as its textual representation according to the `_repr` method. Support for arbitrarily-complicated mathematics is not especially robust.
    - `vertex_label_color` – default: ‘black’ – a single color to use as the default for labels of vertices. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values.
    - `vertex_label_colors` – a dictionary whose keys are vertices of the graph and whose values are colors. These will be used for the text of the labels of vertices. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values. These values need only be specified for a proper subset of the vertices. Specified values will supersede a default value.
    - `vertex_label_placement` – default: ‘center’ – if ‘center’ the label is centered in the interior of the vertex and the vertex will expand to contain the label. Giving instead a pair of numbers will place the label exterior to the vertex at a certain distance from the edge, and at an angle to the positive x-axis, similar in spirt to polar coordinates.
    - `vertex_label_placements` – a dictionary of placements indexed by the vertices. See the explanation for `vertex_label_placement` for the possible values.
    - `edge_color` – default: ‘black’ – a single color to use as the default for an edge. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values.
    - `edge_colors` – a dictionary whose keys are edges of the graph and whose values are colors. These will be used to color the edges.See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values. These values need only be specified for a proper subset of the vertices. Specified values will supersede a default value.
    - `edge_fills` – default: `False` – a boolean that determines if an edge has a second color running down the middle. This can be a useful effect for highlighting edge crossings.
    - `edge_fill_color` – default: ‘black’ – a single color to use as the default for the fill color of an edge. The boolean switch `edge_fills` must be set to True for theis to have an effect. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values.
    - `edge__fill_colors` – a dictionary whose keys are edges of the graph and whose values are colors. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values. These values need only be specified for a proper subset of the vertices. Specified values will supersede a default value.
    - `edge_thickness` – default: 0.1 - a number specifying the width of the edges. Note that tkz-graph does not interpret this number for loops.
    - `edge_thicknesses` – a dictionary of thicknesses for some of the edges of a graph. These values need only be specified for a proper subset of the vertices. Specified values will supersede a default value.
    - `edge_labels` – default: `False` – a boolean that determines if edge labels are shown. If `False` subsequent options about edge labels are ignored.
    - `edge_labels_math` – default: `True` – a boolean that controls how edge labels are rendered. Read the explanation for the `vertex_labels_math` option, which behaves identically. Support for arbitrarily-complicated mathematics is not especially robust.
    - `edge_label_color` – default: ‘black’ – a single color to use as the default for labels of edges. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values.
    - `edge_label_colors` – a dictionary whose keys are edges of the graph and whose values are colors. These will be used for the text of the labels of edges. See the explanation above for the `vertex_color` option to see possible values. These values need only be specified for a proper subset of the vertices. Specified values will supersede a default value. Note that labels must be used for this to have any effect, and no care is taken to ensure that label and fill colors work well together.
    - `edge_label_sloped` – default: `True` a boolean that specifies how edge labels are place. `False` results in a horizontal label, while `True` means the label is rotated to follow the direction of the edge it labels.
    - `edge_label_slopes` – a dictionary of booleans, indexed by some subset of the edges. See the `edge_label_sloped` option for a description of sloped edge labels.
    - `edge_label_placement` – default: 0.50 – a number between 0.0 and 1.0, or one of: ‘above’, ‘below’, ‘left’, ‘right’. These adjust the location of an edge label along an edge. A number specifies how far along the edge the label is located. `left` and `right` are conveniences. `above` and `below` move the label off the edge itself while leaving it near the midpoint of the edge. The default value of `0.50` places the label on the midpoint of the edge.
    - `edge_label_placements` – a dictionary of edge placements, indexed by the edges. See the `edge_label_placement` option for a description of the allowable values.
    - `loop_placement` – default: (3.0, ‘NO’) – a pair, that determines how loops are rendered. the first element of the pair is a distance, which determines how big the loop is and the second element is a string specifying a compass point (North, South, East, West) as one of ‘NO’,’SO’,’EA’,’WE’.
    - `loop_placements` – a dictionary of loop placements. See the `loop_placements` option for the allowable values. While loops are technically edges, this dictionary is indexed by vertices.

    For the ‘dot2tex’ format, the possible option names and associated values are given below:

    - `prog` – the program used for the layout. It must be a string corresponding to one of the software of the graphviz suite: ‘dot’, ‘neato’, ‘twopi’, ‘circo’ or ‘fdp’.
    - `edge_labels` – a boolean (default: False). Whether to display the labels on edges.
    - `edge_colors` – a color. Can be used to set a global color to the edge of the graph.
    - `color_by_label` - a boolean (default: False). Colors the edges according to their labels

    OUTPUTS:

    There are none. Success happens silently.

    EXAMPLES:

    Set, then modify, then clear the `tkz_style` option, and finally show an error for an unrecognized option name:

        sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
        sage: opts = g.latex_options()
        sage: opts
        LaTeX options for Petersen graph: {}
        sage: opts.set_option('tkz_style', 'Art')
        sage: opts
        LaTeX options for Petersen graph: {'tkz_style': 'Art'}
        sage: opts.set_option('tkz_style', 'Simple')
        sage: opts
        LaTeX options for Petersen graph: {'tkz_style': 'Simple'}
        sage: opts.set_option('tkz_style')
        sage: opts
        LaTeX options for Petersen graph: {}
        sage: opts.set_option('bad_name', 'nonsense')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: bad_name is not a LaTeX option for a graph.

    See `sage.graphs.generic_graph.GenericGraph.layout_graphviz()` for installation instructions for `graphviz` and `dot2tex`. Further more, pgf >= 2.00 should be available inside LaTeX’s tree for LaTeX compilation (e.g. when using `view`). In case your LaTeX distribution does not provide it, here are short instructions:

    > - download pgf from http://sourceforge.net/projects/pgf/
    > - unpack it in `/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic` (depends on your system)
    > - clean out remaining pgf files from older version
    > - run texhash

    TESTS:

    These test all of the options and one example of each allowable proper input. They should all execute silently.

        sage: G=Graph()
        sage: G.add_edge((0,1))
        sage: opts = G.latex_options()
        sage: opts.set_option('tkz_style', 'Custom')
        sage: opts.set_option('tkz_style', 'Art')
        sage: opts.set_option('format', 'tkz_graph')
        sage: opts.set_option('layout', 'acyclic')
        sage: opts.set_option('prog', 'dot')
        sage: opts.set_option('units', 'cm')
        sage: opts.set_option('scale', 1.0)
        sage: opts.set_option('graphic_size', (5, 5))
        sage: opts.set_option('margins', (0,0,0,0))
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_color', 'black')
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_colors', {0:'#ABCDEF'})
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_fill_color', 'white')
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_fill_colors', {0:'c'})
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_shape', 'circle')
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_shapes', {0:'sphere'})
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_size', 1.0)
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_sizes', {0:3.4})
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_labels', True)
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_labels_math', True)
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_label_color', 'black')
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_label_colors', {0:'.23'})
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_label_placement', 'center')
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_label_placement', (3, 4.2))
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_label_placements', {0:'center'})
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_label_placements', {0:(4.7,1)})
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_color', 'black')
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_colors', {(0,1):'w'})
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_fills', False)
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_fill_color', 'black')
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_fill_colors', {(0,1):"#123456"})
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_thickness', 0.1)
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_thicknesses', {(0,1):5.2})
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_labels', False)
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_labels_math', True)
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_color', 'black')
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_colors', {(0,1):'red'})
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_sloped', True)
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_slopes', {(0,1): False})
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_placement', 'left')
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_placement', 0.50)
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_placements', {(0,1):'above'})
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_placements', {(0,1):0.75})
        sage: opts.set_option('loop_placement', (3.0, 'NO'))
        sage: opts.set_option('loop_placements', {0:(5.7,'WE')})

    These test some of the logic of possible failures. Some tests, such as inputs of colors, are handled by somewhat general sections of code and are not tested for each possible option.

        sage: G=Graph()
        sage: G.add_edge((0,1))
        sage: opts = G.latex_options()
        sage: opts.set_option('tkz_style', 'Crazed')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: tkz_style is not "Custom", nor an implemented tkz-graph style
        sage: opts.set_option('format', 'NonExistent')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: format option must be one of: tkz_graph, dot2tex not NonExistent
        sage: opts.set_option('units', 'furlongs')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: units option must be one of: in, mm, cm, pt, em, ex, not furlongs
        sage: opts.set_option('graphic_size', (1,2,3))
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: graphic_size option must be an ordered pair, not (1, 2, 3)
        sage: opts.set_option('margins', (1,2,3))
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: margins option must be 4-tuple, not (1, 2, 3)
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_color', 'chartruse')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: vertex_color option needs to be a matplotlib color (always as a string), not chartruse
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_labels_math', 'maybe')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: vertex_labels_math option must be True or False, not maybe
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_shape', 'decagon')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: vertex_shape option must be the shape of a vertex, not decagon
        sage: opts.set_option('scale', 'big')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: scale option must be a positive number, not big
        sage: opts.set_option('scale', -6)
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: scale option must be a positive number, not -6
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_label_placement', (2,-4))
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: vertex_label_placement option must be None, or a pair of positive numbers, not (2, -4)
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_placement', 3.6)
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: edge_label_placement option must be a number between 0.0 and 1.0 or a place (like "above"), not 3.60000000000000
        sage: opts.set_option('loop_placement', (5,'SW'))
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: loop_placement option must be a pair that is a positive number followed by a compass point abbreviation, not (5, 'SW')
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_fill_colors', {0:'#GG0000'})
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: vertex_fill_colors option for 0 needs to be a matplotlib color (always as a string), not #GG0000
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_sizes', {0:-10})
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: vertex_sizes option for 0 needs to be a positive number, not -10
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_slopes', {(0,1):'possibly'})
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: edge_label_slopes option for (0, 1) needs to be True or False, not possibly
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_shapes', {0:'pentagon'})
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: vertex_shapes option for 0 needs to be a vertex shape, not pentagon
        sage: opts.set_option('vertex_label_placements', {0:(1,2,3)})
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: vertex_label_placements option for 0 needs to be None or a pair of positive numbers, not (1, 2, 3)
        sage: opts.set_option('edge_label_placements', {(0,1):'partway'})
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: edge_label_placements option for (0, 1) needs to be a number between 0.0 and 1.0 or a place (like "above"), not partway
        sage: opts.set_option('loop_placements', {0:(-3,'WE')})
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: loop_placements option for 0 needs to be a positive number and a compass point (like "EA"), not (-3, 'WE')
        sage: opts.set_option('margins', (1,2,3,-5))
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: margins option of (1, 2, 3, -5) cannot contain -5

  `set_options`(**kwds)

    Set several LaTeX options for a graph all at once.

    INPUTS:

    > - kwds - any number of option/value pairs to se many graph latex options at once (a variable number, in any order). Existing values are overwritten, new values are added. Existing values can be cleared by setting the value to `None`. Errors are raised in the `set_option()` method.

    EXAMPLES:

        sage: g = graphs.PetersenGraph()
        sage: opts = g.latex_options()
        sage: opts.set_options(tkz_style = 'Welsh')
        sage: opts.get_option('tkz_style')
        'Welsh'

  `tkz_picture`()

    Return a string of LaTeX commands representing a graph as a `tikzpicture`.

    This routine interprets the graph’s properties and the options in `_options` to render the graph with commands from the `tkz-graph` LaTeX package.

    This requires that the LaTeX optional packages tkz-graph and tkz-berge be installed. You may also need a current version of the pgf package. If the tkz-graph and tkz-berge packages are present in the system’s TeX installation, the appropriate `\\usepackage{}` commands will be added to the LaTeX preamble as part of the initialization of the graph. If these two packages are not present, then this command will return a warning on its first use, but will return a string that could be used elsewhere, such as a LaTeX document.

    For more information about tkz-graph you can visit Altermundus.com

    EXAMPLES:

    With a pre-built `tkz-graph` style specified, the latex representation will be relatively simple.

        sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
        sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
        sage: g = graphs.CompleteGraph(3)
        sage: opts = g.latex_options()
        sage: g.set_latex_options(tkz_style='Art')
        sage: print opts.tkz_picture()
        \begin{tikzpicture}
        %
        \GraphInit[vstyle=Art]
        %
        \useasboundingbox (0,0) rectangle (5.0cm,5.0cm);
        %
        \Vertex[L=\hbox{$0$},x=2.5cm,y=5.0cm]{v0}
        \Vertex[L=\hbox{$1$},x=0.0cm,y=0.0cm]{v1}
        \Vertex[L=\hbox{$2$},x=5.0cm,y=0.0cm]{v2}
        %
        \Edge[](v0)(v1)
        \Edge[](v0)(v2)
        \Edge[](v1)(v2)
        %
        \end{tikzpicture}

    Setting the style to “Custom” results in various configurable aspects set to the defaults, so the string is more involved.

        sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
        sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
        sage: g = graphs.CompleteGraph(3)
        sage: opts = g.latex_options()
        sage: g.set_latex_options(tkz_style='Custom')
        sage: print opts.tkz_picture()
        \begin{tikzpicture}
        %
        \useasboundingbox (0,0) rectangle (5.0cm,5.0cm);
        %
        \definecolor{cv0}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cfv0}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
        \definecolor{clv0}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cv1}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cfv1}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
        \definecolor{clv1}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cv2}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cfv2}{rgb}{1.0,1.0,1.0}
        \definecolor{clv2}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cv0v1}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cv0v2}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        \definecolor{cv1v2}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.0}
        %
        \Vertex[style={minimum size=1.0cm,draw=cv0,fill=cfv0,text=clv0,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$0$},x=2.5cm,y=5.0cm]{v0}
        \Vertex[style={minimum size=1.0cm,draw=cv1,fill=cfv1,text=clv1,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$1$},x=0.0cm,y=0.0cm]{v1}
        \Vertex[style={minimum size=1.0cm,draw=cv2,fill=cfv2,text=clv2,shape=circle},LabelOut=false,L=\hbox{$2$},x=5.0cm,y=0.0cm]{v2}
        %
        \Edge[lw=0.1cm,style={color=cv0v1,},](v0)(v1)
        \Edge[lw=0.1cm,style={color=cv0v2,},](v0)(v2)
        \Edge[lw=0.1cm,style={color=cv1v2,},](v1)(v2)
        %
        \end{tikzpicture}

    See the introduction to the `graph_latex` module for more information on the use of this routine.

    TESTS:

    Graphs with preset layouts that are vertical or horizontal can cause problems. First test is a horizontal layout on a path with three vertices.

        sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
        sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
        sage: g = graphs.PathGraph(3)
        sage: opts = g.latex_options()
        sage: print opts.tkz_picture()
        \begin{tikzpicture}
        ...
        \end{tikzpicture}

    Scaling to a bounding box is problematic for graphs with just one vertex, or none.

        sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
        sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
        sage: g = graphs.CompleteGraph(1)
        sage: opts = g.latex_options()
        sage: print opts.tkz_picture()
        \begin{tikzpicture}
        ...
        \end{tikzpicture}

`sage.graphs.graph_latex.``check_tkz_graph`()

  Checks if the proper LaTeX packages for the `tikzpicture` environment are installed in the user’s environment, and issue a warning otherwise.

  The warning is only issued on the first call to this function. So any doctest that illustrates the use of the tkz-graph packages should call this once as having random output to exhaust the warnings before testing output.

  See also `sage.misc.latex.Latex.check_file()`

  TESTS:

      sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import check_tkz_graph
      sage: check_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
      sage: check_tkz_graph()  # at least the second time, so no output

`sage.graphs.graph_latex.``have_tkz_graph`()

  Returns `True` if the proper LaTeX packages for the `tikzpicture` environment are installed in the user’s environment, namely tikz, tkz-graph and tkz-berge.

  The result is cached.

  See also `sage.misc.latex.Latex.has_file()`

  TESTS:

      sage: from sage.graphs.graph_latex import have_tkz_graph
      sage: have_tkz_graph()  # random - depends on TeX installation
      sage: have_tkz_graph() in [True, False]
      True

`sage.graphs.graph_latex.``setup_latex_preamble`()

  Adds appropriate `\usepackage{...}`, and other instructions to the latex preamble for the packages that are needed for processing graphs(`tikz`, `tkz-graph`, `tkz-berge`), if available in the `LaTeX` installation.

  See also `sage.misc.latex.Latex.add_package_to_preamble_if_available()`.

  EXAMPLES:

      sage: sage.graphs.graph_latex.setup_latex_preamble()

  TESTS:

      sage: ("\usepackage{tikz}" in latex.extra_preamble()) == latex.has_file("tikz.sty")
      True

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