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# Using SageTeX

The SageTeX package allows you to embed the results of Sage computations into a LaTeX document. It comes standard with Sage. To use it, you will need to “install” it into your local TeX system; here “install” means copying a single file. See Installation in this tutorial and the “Make SageTeX known to TeX” section of the Sage installation guide (this link should take you to a local copy of the installation guide) for more information on doing that.

Here is a very brief example of using SageTeX. The full documentation can be found in `SAGE_ROOT/local/share/doc/sagetex`, where `SAGE_ROOT` is the directory where your Sage installation is located. That directory contains the documentation and an example file. See `SAGE_ROOT/local/share/texmf/tex/generic/sagetex` for some possibly useful Python scripts.

To see how SageTeX works, follow the directions for installing SageTeX (in Installation) and copy the following text into a file named, say, `st_example.tex`:

Warning

The text below will have several errors about unknown control sequences if you are viewing this in the “live” help. Use the static version to see the correct text.

    \documentclass{article}
    \usepackage{sagetex}

    \begin{document}

    Using Sage\TeX, one can use Sage to compute things and put them into
    your \LaTeX{} document. For example, there are
    $\sage{number_of_partitions(1269)}$ integer partitions of $1269$.
    You don't need to compute the number yourself, or even cut and paste
    it from somewhere.

    Here's some Sage code:

    \begin{sageblock}
        f(x) = exp(x) * sin(2*x)
    \end{sageblock}

    The second derivative of $f$ is

    \[
      \frac{\mathrm{d}^{2}}{\mathrm{d}x^{2}} \sage{f(x)} =
      \sage{diff(f, x, 2)(x)}.
    \]

    Here's a plot of $f$ from $-1$ to $1$:

    \sageplot{plot(f, -1, 1)}

    \end{document}

Run LaTeX on `st_example.tex` as usual. Note that LaTeX will have some complaints, which will include:

    Package sagetex Warning: Graphics file
    sage-plots-for-st_example.tex/plot-0.eps on page 1 does not exist. Plot
    command is on input line 25.

    Package sagetex Warning: There were undefined Sage formulas and/or
    plots. Run Sage on st_example.sagetex.sage, and then run LaTeX on
    st_example.tex again.

Notice that, in addition to the usual collection of files produced by LaTeX, there is a file called `st_example.sagetex.sage`. That is a Sage script produced when you run LaTeX on `st_example.tex`. The warning message told you to run Sage on `st_example.sagetex.sage`, so take its advice and do that. It will tell you to run LaTeX on `st_example.tex` again, but before you do that, notice that a new file has been created: `st_example.sagetex.sout`. That file contains the results of Sage’s computations, in a format that LaTeX can use to insert into your text. A new directory containing an EPS file of your plot has also been created. Run LaTeX again and you’ll see that everything that Sage computed and plotted is now included in your document.

The different macros used above should be pretty easy to understand. A `sageblock` environment typesets your code verbatim and also executes the code when you run Sage. When you do `\sage{foo}`, the result put into your document is whatever you get from running `latex(foo)` inside Sage. Plot commands are a bit more complicated, but in their simplest form, `\sageplot{foo}` inserts the image you get from doing `foo.save('filename.eps')`.

In general, the mantra is:

> - run LaTeX on your .tex file;
> - run Sage on the generated .sage file;
> - run LaTeX again.

You can omit running Sage if you haven’t changed around any Sage commands in your document.

There’s a lot more to SageTeX, and since both Sage and LaTeX are complex, powerful tools, it’s a good idea to read the documentation for SageTeX, which is in `SAGE_ROOT/local/share/doc/sagetex`.

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