# Intel Graphics

Related articles

- Intel GMA3600
- Poulsbo
- Xorg

Since Intel provides and supports open source drivers, Intel graphics are now essentially plug-and-play.

For a comprehensive list of Intel GPU models and corresponding chipsets and CPUs, see this comparison on Wikipedia.

Note: PowerVR-based graphics (GMA 500 and GMA 3600 series) are not supported by open source drivers.

## Installation

Prerequisite: Xorg.

Install the xf86-video-intel package from the official repositories. It provides the DDX driver for 2D acceleration and it pulls in intel-dri as a dependency, providing the DRI driver for 3D acceleration.

For 32-bit 3D support on x86_64, install lib32-intel-dri from the multilib repository.

Hardware accelerated video decoding/encoding on older GPUs is provided by the XvMC driver which is included with the DDX driver. For newer GPUs install the VA-API driver provided by the libva-intel-driver package.

## Configuration

There is no need for any kind of configuration to run X.Org. Creating the `xorg.conf` file is not necessary, but the configuration file must be correct if it is present.

For the list of options, see `$ man intel`.

## Kernel Mode Setting

Tip: If you have problems with the resolution, check this page.

Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) is required in order to run X and a Desktop environment. KMS is supported by Intel chipsets that use the i915 DRM driver and is enabled by default. Versions 2.10 and newer of the xf86-video-intel driver no longer support UMS (except for the very old 810 chipset family), making the use of KMS mandatory[1]. KMS is typically initialized after the initramfs stage. It is possible, however, to enable KMS during the initramfs stage.

Note: Users must remove any deprecated references to `vga` or `nomodeset` from boot configuration.

To proceed, add the `i915` module to the `MODULES` line in `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`:

    MODULES="i915"

If you are using a custom EDID file, you should embed it into initramfs as well:

    /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

    FILES="/lib/firmware/edid/your_edid.bin"

Now, regenerate the initramfs:

    # mkinitcpio -p linux

The change takes effect at the next reboot.

## Module-based Powersaving Options

The `i915` kernel module allows for configuration via module options. Some of the module options impact power saving.

To check which options are currently enabled, run

    # for i in /sys/module/i915/parameters/*; do echo $i=$(cat $i); done

A list of all options along with short descriptions and default values can be generated with the following command:

    $ modinfo i915 | grep parm

The following set of options should be generally safe to enable:

    /etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf

    options i915 enable_rc6=7 enable_fbc=1 lvds_downclock=1

Framebuffer compression may be unreliable on old intel generations of intel GPUs (which exactly?). This results in messages logged to the system journal similar to this one:

    kernel: drm: not enough stolen space for compressed buffer, disabling.

## Tips and tricks

### Choose acceleration method

- UXA - (Unified Acceleration Architecture) is the mature backend that was introduced to support the GEM driver model.
- SNA - (Sandybridge's New Acceleration) is the faster successor for hardware supporting it.

The default method is SNA(as of 2013-08-05[2]), which is less stable but faster than UXA. Check benchmarks done by Phoronix [3]. These can be found here for Sandy Bridge and here for Ivy Bridge. UXA is still a solid option, if experiencing trouble with SNA. SNA can for example cause a black screen on leaving fullscreen of a Flash video or visual artifacts.

To use the old UXA method, create `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf` with the following content:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
       Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
       Driver      "intel"
       Option      "AccelMethod"  "uxa"
    EndSection

One can also want to test the new Glamor mode which accelerates 2D graphics with OpenGL. To use it, create `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf` with the following content:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
       Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
       Driver      "intel"
       Option      "AccelMethod"  "glamor"
    EndSection

### Disable Vertical Synchronization (VSYNC)

The intel-driver uses Triple Buffering for vertical synchronization, this allows for full performance and avoids tearing. To turn vertical synchronization off (e.g. for benchmarking) use this .drirc in your home directory:

    ~/.drirc

    <device screen="0" driver="dri2">
    	<application name="Default">
    		<option name="vblank_mode" value="0"/>
    	</application>
    </device>

Do not use driconf to create this file, it is buggy and will set the wrong driver.

### Setting scaling mode

This can be useful for some full screen applications:

    $ xrandr --output LVDS1 --set PANEL_FITTING param

where `param` can be:

- `center`: resolution will be kept exactly as defined, no scaling will be made,
- `full`: scale the resolution so it uses the entire screen or
- `full_aspect`: scale the resolution to the maximum possible but keep the aspect ratio.

If it does not work, try:

    $ xrandr --output LVDS1 --set "scaling mode" param

where `param` is one of `"Full"`, `"Center"` or `"Full aspect"`.

### KMS Issue: console is limited to small area

One of the low-resolution video ports may be enabled on boot which is causing the terminal to utilize a small area of the screen. To fix, explicitly disable the port with an i915 module setting with `video=SVIDEO-1:d` in the kernel command line parameter in the bootloader. See Kernel parameters for more info.

If that does not work, try disabling TV1 or VGA1 instead of SVIDEO-1.

### H.264 decoding on GMA 4500

The libva-intel-driver package provides MPEG-2 decoding only for GMA 4500 series GPUs. The H.264 decoding support is maintained in a separated g45-h264 branch, which can be used by installing libva-driver-intel-g45-h264 package, available in the Arch User Repository. Note however that this support is experimental and not currently in active development. Using the VA-API with this driver on a GMA 4500 series GPU will offload the CPU but may not result in as smooth a playback as non-accelerated playback. Tests using mplayer showed that using vaapi to play back an H.264 encoded 1080p video halved the CPU load (compared to the XV overlay) but resulted in very choppy playback, while 720p worked reasonably well [4]. This is echoed by other experiences [5].

### Setting gamma and brightness

Intel offers no way to adjust these at the driver level. Luckily these can be set with `xgamma` and `xrandr`.

Gamma can be set with:

    $ xgamma -gamma 1.0

or:

    $ xrandr --output VGA1 --gamma 1.0:1.0:1.0

Brightness can be set with:

    $ xrandr --output VGA1 --brightness 1.0

## Troubleshooting

### Blank screen during boot, when "Loading modules"

If using "late start" KMS and the screen goes blank when "Loading modules", it may help to add `i915` and `intel_agp` to the initramfs. See #Kernel Mode Setting section above.

Alternatively, appending the following kernel parameter seems to work as well:

    video=SVIDEO-1:d

If you need to output to VGA then try this:

    video=VGA-1:1280x800

### Tear-free video

Tip: If using the GNOME desktop environment, a simpler and less performance-impacting fix can be found at GNOME#Tear-free_video_with_Intel_HD_Graphics.

The SNA acceleration method causes tearing for some people. To fix this, enable the `"Tearfree"` option in the driver:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
       Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
       Driver      "intel"
       Option      "TearFree"    "true"
    EndSection

See the original bug report for more info.

Note:

- This option may not work when `SwapbuffersWait` is `false`.
- This option is problematic for applications that are very picky about vsync timing, like Super Meat Boy.
- This option does not work with UXA acceleration method, only with SNA.

### X freeze/crash with intel driver

Some issues with X crashing, GPU hanging, or problems with X freezing, can be fixed by disabling the GPU usage with the `NoAccel` option:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
       Identifier "Intel Graphics"
       Driver "intel"
       Option "NoAccel" "True"
    EndSection

Alternatively, try to disable the 3D acceleration only with the `DRI` option:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
       Identifier "Intel Graphics"
       Driver "intel"
       Option "DRI" "False"
    EndSection

If you experience crashes and have

    Option "TearFree" "true"
    Option "AccelMethod" "sna"

in your config file, in most cases these can be fixed by adding

    i915.semaphores=1

to your boot parameters.

### Adding undetected resolutions

This issue is covered on the Xrandr page.

### Weathered colors (colorspace problem)

Note: This problem is related to the changes in the kernel 3.9. This problem still remains in kernel 3.10

Kernel 3.9 contains the Intel driver changes allowing easy RGB Limited range settings which can cause weathered colors in some cases. It is related to the new "Automatic" mode for the "Broadcast RGB" property. One can force mode e.g. `xrandr --output <HDMI> --set "Broadcast RGB" "Full"` (replace `<HDMI>` with the appropriate output device, verify by running `xrandr`). You can add it into your `.xprofile`, make it executable to run the command before it will start the graphical mode.

Note: Some TVs can only display colors from 16-255 so setting to Full will cause color clipping in the 0-15 range so it is best to leave it at Automatic which will automatically detect whether it needs to compress the colorspace for your TV.

Also there are other related problems which can be fixed editing GPU registers. More information can be found [6] and [7].

### Backlight is not adjustable

After resuming from suspend, the hotkeys for changing the screen brightness do not take effect. Using the following kernel parameters can potentially solve the problem.

    acpi_backlight=vendor

Either in addition to the above mentioned parameter, or on its own, add one of the following two parameters:

    acpi_osi=Linux
    acpi_osi="!Windows 2012"

Another parameter available:

    video.use_native_backlight=1

If neither of those solve the problem, edit or create `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf` with the following content:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
            Identifier  "card0"
            Driver      "intel"
            Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
            BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"

    EndSection

If using the SNA acceleration as mentioned above, create the file as follows:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
            Identifier  "card0"
            Driver      "intel"
            Option      "AccelMethod"  "sna"
            Option      "Backlight"    "intel_backlight"
            BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"

    EndSection

### Disabling frame buffer compression

On some cards such as Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipsets, enabled and forced frame buffer compression results in endless error messages:

    $ dmesg |tail
    [ 2360.475430] [drm] not enough stolen space for compressed buffer (need 4325376 bytes), disabling
    [ 2360.475437] [drm] hint: you may be able to increase stolen memory size in the BIOS to avoid this

The solution is to disable frame buffer compression which will slightly increase power consumption. In order to disable it add `i915.enable_fbc=0` to the kernel line parameters. More information on the results of disabled compression can be found here.

### Corruption/Unresponsiveness in Chromium and Firefox

If you experience corruption or unresponsiveness in Chromium and/or Firefox set the AccelMethod to "uxa"

## See also

- https://01.org/linuxgraphics/documentation (includes a list of supported hardware)
- KMS - Arch wiki article on kernel mode setting
- Xrandr - Problems setting the resolution
- Arch Linux forums: Intel 945GM, Xorg, Kernel - performance
- Hybrid graphics

Categories:

- Graphics
- X Server