# Samba

Related articles

- Samba/Tips and tricks
- Samba/Troubleshooting
- Samba/Advanced file sharing with KDE4
- Samba Domain Controller
- Active Directory Integration
- Samba 4 Active Directory Domain Controller
- OpenChange Server
- NFS

Samba is a re-implementation of the SMB/CIFS networking protocol, it facilitates file and printer sharing among Linux and Windows systems as an alternative to NFS. Some users say that Samba is easily configured and that operation is very straight-forward. However, many new users run into problems with its complexity and non-intuitive mechanism. It is strongly suggested that the user stick close to the following directions.

## Server configuration

To share files with Samba, install samba, from the official repositories.

The Samba server is configured in `/etc/samba/smb.conf`. Copy the default Samba configuration file to `/etc/samba/smb.conf`:

    # cp /etc/samba/smb.conf.default /etc/samba/smb.conf

### Creating a share

Edit `/etc/samba/smb.conf`, scroll down to the Share Definitions section. The default configuration automatically creates a share for each user's home directory. It also creates a share for printers by default.

There are a number of commented sample configurations included. More information about available options for shared resources can be found in `man smb.conf`. Here is the on-line version.

On Windows side, be sure to change `smb.conf` to the Windows Workgroup. (Windows default: WORKGROUP)

Be sure that your machine is not named Localhost, since it will resolve on Windows to 127.0.0.1.

### Starting services

Start smbd and nmbd to provide basic file sharing through SMB:

    # systemctl start smbd
    # systemctl start nmbd

If you want to start Samba at boot, enable `smbd` and `nmbd`.

Note: Or you can enable Samba socket so the daemon is started on the first incoming connection:

    systemctl disable smbd.service
    systemctl enable smbd.socket

### Creating user share path

This marks the named objects for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands:

    # export USERSHARES_DIR="/var/lib/samba/usershare"
    # export USERSHARES_GROUP="sambashare"

This creates the usershares directory in var/lib/samba:

    # mkdir -p ${USERSHARES_DIR}

This makes the group sambashare:

    # groupadd ${USERSHARES_GROUP}

This changes the owner of the directory and group you just created to root:

    # chown root:${USERSHARES_GROUP} ${USERSHARES_DIR}

This changes the permissions of the usershares directory so that users in the group sambashare can read, write and execute files:

    # chmod 1770 ${USERSHARES_DIR}

Set the following variables in `smb.conf` configuration file:

    /etc/samba/smb.conf

    ...
    [global]
      usershare path = /var/lib/samba/usershare
      usershare max shares = 100
      usershare allow guests = yes
      usershare owner only = False
      ...

Save the file and then add your user to the group sambashares replacing your_username with the name of your user:

    # usermod -a -G ${USERSHARES_GROUP} your_username

Restart `smbd` and `nmbd`.

Log out and log back in. You should now be able to configure your samba share using GUI. For example, in Thunar you can right click on any directory and share it on the network. When the error `You are not the owner of the folder` appears, simply try to reboot the system.

### Adding a user

To log into a Samba share, a samba user is needed. The user must already have a Linux user account with the same name on the server, otherwise running the next command will fail:

    # pdbedit -a -u user

Note: As of version 3.4.0, smbpasswd is no longer used by default. Existing smbpasswd databases can be converted to the new format

### Changing a password

To change a user's password, use `smbpasswd`:

    # smbpasswd username

## Client configuration

Only smbclient is required to access files from a Samba/SMB/CIFS server. It is also available from the official repositories.

Shared resources from other computers on the LAN may be accessed and mounted locally by GUI or CLI methods. The graphical manner is limited since most lightweight Desktop Environments do not have a native way to facilitate accessing these shared resources.

There are two parts to share access. First is the underlying file system mechanism, and second is the interface which allows the user to select to mount shared resources. Some environments have the first part built into them.

### Manual mounting

Install smbclient from the official repositories. If you want a lighter approach and do not need the ability to list public shares, you need only install cifs-utils to provide `/usr/bin/mount.cifs`.

To list public shares on a server:

    $ smbclient -L hostname -U%

Create a mount point for the share:

    # mkdir /mnt/mountpoint

Mount the share using the `mount.cifs` type. Not all the options listed below are needed or desirable (ie. `password`).

    # mount -t cifs //SERVER/sharename /mnt/mountpoint -o user=username,password=password,workgroup=workgroup,ip=serverip

SERVER

  The Windows system name.

sharename

  The shared directory.

mountpoint

  The local directory where the share will be mounted.

`-o [options]`

  See `man mount.cifs` for more information.

Note:

- Abstain from using a trailing `/`. `//SERVER/sharename/` will not work.
- If your mount does not work stable, stutters or freezes, try to enable different SMB protocol version with `vers=` option. For example, `vers=2.0` for Windows Vista mount.

#### Add Share to /etc/fstab

The simplest way to add an fstab entry is something like this:

    /etc/fstab

    //SERVER/sharename /mnt/mountpoint cifs username=username,password=password 0 0

However, storing passwords in a world readable file is not recommended! A safer method would be to use a credentials file. As an example, create a file and `chmod 600 filename` so only the owning user can read and write to it. It should contain the following information:

    /path/to/credentials/sambacreds

    username=username
    password=password

and the line in your fstab should look something like this:

    /etc/fstab

    //SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/mountpoint cifs credentials=/path/to/credentials/sambacreds 0 0

If using systemd (modern installations), one can utilize the `comment=systemd.automount` option, which speeds up service boot by a few seconds. Also, one can map current user and group to make life a bit easier, utilizing `uid` and `gid` options.

Warning: Using the `uid` and `gid` options may cause input ouput errors in programs that try to fetch data from network drives.

    /etc/fstab

    //SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/mountpoint cifs credentials=/path/to/smbcredentials,comment=systemd.automount,uid=username,gid=usergroup 0 0

Note: Space in sharename should be replaced by `\040` (ASCII code for space in octal). For example, `//SERVER/share name` on the command line should be `//SERVER/share\040name` in `/etc/fstab`.

#### User mounting

    /etc/fstab

    //SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/mountpoint cifs users,credentials=/path/to/smbcredentials,workgroup=workgroup,ip=serverip 0 0

Note: The option is users (plural). For other filesystem types handled by mount, this option is usually user; sans the "s".

This will allow users to mount it as long as the mount point resides in a directory controllable by the user; i.e. the user's home. For users to be allowed to mount and unmount the Samba shares with mount points that they do not own, use smbnetfs, or grant privileges using sudo.

### WINS host names

The smbclient package provides a driver to resolve host names using WINS. To enable it, add “wins” to the “hosts” line in /etc/nsswitch.conf.

### Automatic mounting

There are several ways to easily browse shared resources:

#### smbnetfs

Note: smbnetfs needs an intact Samba server setup. See above on how to do that.

First, check if you can see all the shares you are interested in mounting:

    $ smbtree -U remote_user

If that does not work, find and modify the following line in `/etc/samba/smb.conf` accordingly:

    domain master = auto

Now restart `smbd` and `nmbd`.

If everything works as expected, install smbnetfs from the official repositories.

Then, add the following line to `/etc/fuse.conf`:

    user_allow_other

and load the `fuse` kernel module:

    # modprobe fuse

Now copy the directory /etc/smbnetfs/.smb to your home directory.

    $ cp -a /etc/smbnetfs/.smb ~

Then create a link to the smb.conf file:

    $ ln -s /etc/samba/smb.conf ~/.smb/smb.conf

If a username and a password are required to access some of the shared folders, edit `~/.smb/smbnetfs.auth` to include one or more entries like this:

    ~/.smb/smbnetfs.auth

    auth			"hostname" "username" "password"

It is also possible to add entries for specific hosts to be mounted by smbnetfs, if necessary. More details can be found in `~/.smb/smbnetfs.conf`.

When you are done with the configuration, you need to run

    $ chmod 600 ~/.smb/smbnetfs.*

Otherwise, smbnetfs complains about 'insecure config file permissions'.

Finally, to mount your Samba network neighbourhood to a directory of your choice, call

    $ smbnetfs mount_point

##### Daemon

The Arch Linux package also maintains an additional system-wide operation mode for smbnetfs. To enable it, you need to make the said modifications in the directoy `/etc/smbnetfs/.smb`.

Then, you can start and/or enable the `smbnetfs` daemon as usual. The system-wide mount point is at `/mnt/smbnet/`.

#### fusesmb

Note: Because `smbclient 3.2.X` is malfunctioning with `fusesmb`, revert to using older versions if necessary. See the relevant forum topic for details.

1. Install fusesmb, available in the AUR.
2. Create a mount point: `mkdir /mnt/fusesmb`
3. Load `fuse` kernel module.
4. Mount the shares:

       fusesmb -o allow_other /mnt/fusesmb

#### autofs

See Autofs for information on the kernel-based automounter for Linux.

### File manager configuration

#### Nautilus, Nemo, Thunar and PCManFM

In order to access samba shares through Nautilus, Nemo, Thunar or PCManFM, install the gvfs-smb package, available in the official repositories.

Press `Ctrl+l` and enter `smb://servername/share` in the location bar to access your share.

The mounted share is likely to be present at `/run/user/your_UID/gvfs` in the filesystem.

#### KDE

KDE, has the ability to browse Samba shares built in. Therefore do not need any additional packages. However, for a GUI in the KDE System Settings, install the kdenetwork-filesharing package from the official repositories.

If when navigating with Dolphin you get a "Time Out" Error, you should uncomment and edit this line in smb.conf:

    name resolve order = lmhosts bcast host wins

as shown in this page.

#### Other graphical environments

There are a number of useful programs, but they may need to have packages created for them. This can be done with the Arch package build system. The good thing about these others is that they do not require a particular environment to be installed to support them, and so they bring along less baggage.

- pyneighborhood is available in the official repositories.
- LinNeighborhood, RUmba, xffm-samba plugin for Xffm are not available in the official repositories or the AUR. As they are not officially (or even unofficially supported), they may be obsolete and may not work at all.

## See also

- Samba: An Introduction
- Official Samba site

Categories:

- File systems
- Networking