# Artistic Style News

### Artistic Style 2.04 (November 2013)

With a new Artistic Style release some unchanged source files will be formatted because of changes to Artistic Style. You may want to format your source before making program changes in order to bring it up to date.

A new programming language, Objective‑C, has been added to Artistic Style. Four new options, "align‑method‑colon", "pad‑method‑colon=", "pad‑method‑prefix", and "unpad‑method‑prefix" have been added to format the methods. The options are described in a new "Objective‑C" section in the documentation. These new options affect only Objective‑C source code. They have no effect on the other programming languages.

Because of the longer continuation indents sometimes needed for Objective‑C, the option "max-instatement-indent" may need to be increased. If you are not getting the paren and square bracket alignment you want, try increasing this value. The default minimum is 40 and the maximum is 120.

A new bracket style option, "style=google", has been added. It uses attached brackets and indents the class access modifiers one-half indent. A complete description of the Google style is available at the google‑styleguide website (https://code.google.com/p/google-styleguide/). The website has standards for several programming languages along with a python program to verify the style and an emacs script for using the style.

A new indent option "indent-modifiers" will indent class access modifiers (public, protected, or 'private) one-half indent. The rest of the class is not indented. It is described in the "Indentation Options" section of the documentation.

Four new bracket modify options, "attach-namespaces", "attach-classes", "attach-inlines", and "attach-extern-c", can be used to modify your selected bracket style. They are described in a new "Bracket Modify Options" section of the documentation.

A new option, "remove-brackets", will remove brackets from conditional statements. The statement must be a single statement on a single line. It is described in the "Formatting Options" section of the documentation.

A new option, "indent-preproc-cond", will indent preprocessor conditional statements (#if #elif, #else, #endif). It is described in the "Indentation Options" section of the documentation. The option "indent-preprocessor" has been deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use "indent-preproc-define" instead. The processing of preprocessor #define statements has not changed.

A new option, "remove-comment-prefix", will remove a leading '*' from multi-line comments. It is described in the "Formatting Options" section of the documentation. With the syntax coloring of modern editors a leading '*' for comment lines is not as useful as it once was. The current trend is toward code that is easier to maintain. The idea is that a style that is hard to maintain will discourage modification and updating. The converted style should retain most of the formatting within the comment and result in a comment that is easier to maintain. For consistency the option also indents multi-line comments that are not preceded by the '*'. This may slightly modify the indentation of any commented-out code.

The option "pad-first-paren-out" was fixed to not pad if the following paren is empty. This makes the option consistent with "pad-paren-out". To fix empty parens that have been padded run with the option "unpad-paren" in addition to "pad-first-paren-out". This needs to be done only once.

Processing of C++11 raw string literals has been added.

A new shared object (DLL) entry point, AStyleMainUtf16, has been added for processing C# UTF-16 strings. C# does not have built in functions for converting the UTF-16 strings to UTF-8. This entry point will accept UTF-16 strings, format the source code, and return UTF-16 strings. The error handling function and version number still use UTF-8 strings. The C# example program in the "Developer Information" shows the new calling procedure. Changes from the previous release are marked in the example.

C# strings are UTF-16 on both Windows and Linux. C# does not use the UTF-32 wchar_t strings on Linux. Qt also uses UTF-16 on both Windows and Linux, but has built in UTF-8 conversion functions. Qt strings can be converted to UTF-8 by Qt, or the new entry point can be used. There may be other "managed code" applications on Linux that use UTF-16.

The "Links" page has two new sections for links mentioned in previous versions of Artistic Style. It links to free software and other information.

The "Developer Information" section has a new example and download for calling Artistic Style from an Objective‑C program. Since it is another "C" language the only thing needed is to link the program with a library build of Artistic Style. The example was developed on Windows and Linux using the GNUstep project. Since the example is a console program the problems with the GNUstep GUI have been avoided. It has not been tested on a Mac, but should be close to working. The "Developer Information" section also has new page for "Objective‑C on Windows and Linux" which has information on compiling and running the example on those systems.

The executable included in the Windows distribution was compiled with Visual Studio 2010 (platform toolset v100). Higher releases contain dependencies on Windows API functions that exist only on Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8. This means that applications built with a Visual Studio 2012 C++ compiler would fail to load and execute on Windows XP.

If you are using Windows Vista or higher, and have a Visual Studio 2012 or higher compiler available, recompiling will probably result in faster execution. If you use a compiler other than Visual Studio, you can probably get better execution by compiling using the C++11 standards. Artistic Style uses a lot of string vectors and the new move semantics will probably result in faster execution.

Thanks to Evmenov Georgiy, Matthew Woehlke, Jiang, Ruzzz, and beta100100 for their contributions.

### Artistic Style 2.03 (April 2013)

With a new Artistic Style release some unchanged source files will be formatted because of changes to Artistic Style. You may want to format your source before making program changes in order to bring it up to date.

A new option, "max-code-length=#" or "xC#", will limit the length of code on a line. A new option "break‑after‑logical", or "xL", will modify a line break for conditionals. See the documentation for details.

A new option, "pad-first-paren-out" or "xd", will pad only the first paren in a series on the outside. See the documentation for details.

A new option, "indent=force-tab-tab=#" or "xT#", will allow force tab indents with a tab length that is different than the indent length. See the documentation for details.

The short option for delete-empty-lines has changed from "xd" to "xe".

The C++11 standard for range-based "for" loops, "enum" with a base type, and rvalue references is now supported. The formatting of rvalue references is determined from the existing "align-pointer" and "align-reference" options.

Closing the ending angle brackets of templates is now allowed by the C++11 standard. A new option, "close-templates" or "xy", will close the whitespace in the angle brackets of template definitions. Be sure your compiler supports this before making the changes.

The C/C++ keyword 'extern "C"' in a preprocessor no longer causes an extra indent.

Formatting of C++/CLI managed pointers (the '^' character) has been added to the "align-pointer" option.

The breaking of switch "default" statements has been fixed. The "default" statements that have been incorrectly broken will be fixed in this release.

The byte order mark (BOM) has been removed from ASLocalizer.cpp for all platforms. The encoding of the file is UTF-8. Many Windows editors can now recognize UTF-8 encoding without the BOM. Visual Studio has an option that needs to be set. With others. such as CodeBlocks, identification is automatic. On Linux, UTF-8 is the default encoding.

Translations have been added for Dutch, Finnish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Swedish, and Ukrainian. The translations were done with an automated translation program, Google Translate, so they may not be the best translation possible. The translations are at the end of ASLocalizer.cpp in the form of an English‑Translation pair. If you correct a translation, send the source as a bug report and it will be included in the next release. To add a language, see "Internationalization" in the "General Information" section of the documentation. Send the addition as a bug report and it will be included in the next release.

There is a new Linux makefile for the Clang Compiler. Clang is a free compiler can be installed as a package on many Linux distributions. Some of its features are fast compiles, low memory use, expressive diagnostic messages, and GCC compatibility. It includes a static analyzer tool that finds potential bugs in your source code. An experimental version can be installed on a Windows platform. There is more information in the Install Information documentation.

Visual Studio automatically creates an import library and an export file when you link a program that contains exports. It will do this for even a static library if it contains a __declspec(dllexport) definition. The Artistic Style library (ASTYLE_LIB) build contains such exports which causes an import library and export file to be created when they may not be needed. A new preprocessor definition, ASTYLE_NO_VCX (no Visual Studio exports) can be declared to eliminate the files from the output. Use this only for static libraries or when the AStyle source is included in the compile. Do NOT use this when compiled as a shared (dynamic) library. It is effective only for Visual Studio 2012. It will NOT work with previous versions. It has no effect with other compilers since they require a separate option to create the import library and export files.

The executable included in the Windows distribution was compiled with Visual Studio 2010 (platform toolset v100). Visual Studio 2012 (platform toolset v110) contains dependencies on Windows API functions that exist only on Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8. This means that applications built with a Visual Studio 2012 C++ compiler would fail to load and execute on Windows XP. Artistic Style was therefore compiled with Visual Studio 2010 to work on computers using Windows XP.

If you are using Windows Vista or higher, and have the Visual Studio 2012 compiler available, recompiling with Visual Studio 2012 will probably result in faster execution. The Windows distribution has Visual Studio 2012 project files available.

If you use a compiler other than Visual Studio, you can probably get better execution by compiling using the C++11 standards. Artistic Style uses a lot of string vectors and the new move semantics will probably result in faster execution. (To use C++11 on GCC and MinGW use the option --std=c++0x). This may change on future compiler releases.).

The "Developer Information" page has a new example and download for calling Artistic Style from a Python script. It will run with both Python 2 and Python 3. Using Python 3 shows an example of formatting a Unicode string with Artistic Style. Unicode strings must be encoded to UTF-8 before formatting and decoded back to Unicode afterward. The example script shows the technique for doing this. It also shows how to set up the function pointers and allocate memory in Python.

If you use Visual Studio on Windows, it can now be used for Python development. Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS) is a free and open source plug-in for Visual Studio 2010 that supports Python and Iron Python. Other interpreters such Jython can be added. It can be easily switched between Python versions or different interpreters. But the best thing is the Visual Studio debugging support using the .NET debugger and the normal Visual Studio debugger. It enables you to set break points, step through functions, change the current statement, inspect local variables, and perform other operations while debugging. It is best to use it with a project file, a minor irritation for single page scripts. And there are some minor bugs. But overall it works quite well.

Thanks to Christopher Sean Morrison, Keith OHara, louis6g, and J for their contributions.

### Artistic Style 2.02 (May 2011)

With a new Artistic Style release some unchanged source files will be formatted because of changes to Artistic Style. You may want to format your source before making program changes in order to bring it up to date.

#### Release 2.02.1 - November 2011

This bug fix release is issued because of the length of time required for the some of the changes in the next release (2.03). Bugs with the breaking of "case" statements and a crash with pointer to pointer (**) in align-pointer=type have been fixed. The "case" statements that have been incorrectly broken will be fixed in this release. Pointers and references are now processed for C# files. See the "Release Notes" for more information and additional changes.

#### The following information is for the original 2.02 release.

#### Translations

A new program module and header, ASLocalizer.cpp and ASLocalizer.h, have been added. These are required for the console build and are optional for the library builds. It contains language translations for several of the most common users of Artistic Style. The method used was adapted from the Gnu "gettext" method.

The translation to use is determined from the User Locale for Windows and the LANG environment variable for other systems. The translation will be done automatically from these settings. If no translation is available it will default to English.

A new option, "ascii" or "I", will display the text in English regardless of your system settings. This option must be input from the command line and not an option file. See the documentation for details.

The translations were mostly done with an automated translation program, Google Translate, so they may not be the best translation possible. The translations are at the end of ASLocalizer.cpp in the form of an English‑Translation pair. If you correct a translation, send the source as a bug report and it will be included in the next release.

To add a language, add a new translation class to ASLocalizer.h. Add the English‑Translation pair to the constructor in ASLocalizer.cpp. Update the WinLangCode array, if necessary, and add the language code to the function setTranslationClass(). The ASLocalizer.cpp program contains comments that give web pages for obtaining the LCIDs and language codes. Send the source code as a bug report and it will be included in the next release.

#### Brackets

Since release 1.22 (April 2008) the predefined styles have increased from 5 to 12 and the bracket types have increased from 4 to 6. Having two different ways of defining bracket styles has resulted in some confusion and unnecessary duplication. This release starts a redesign of the bracket definitions to simplify the user interface. The predefined styles and bracket types will be combined into a single option category.

The "Predefined Style" options have been renamed "Bracket Style" options. The "Bracket Options" have been depreciated and will be removed in a future release. If you are using a "brackets=" option, you should start changing to one of the "style=" options. There is a "style" option available for every "brackets" option.

All "Bracket Style" options now default to 4 spaces per indent. If you were using a "Predefined Style" with a default indent other than 4, you will need to add one of the "Tab Options" to maintain the same indentation. The styles which used indents other than 4 were:

- Stroustrup - 5 spaces per indent.
- Gnu - 2 spaces per indent.
- Linux - 8 spaces per indent.
- Horstmann - 3 spaces per indent.

There is a new "Bracket Style" option "style=pico" or "A11". It uses run-in brackets, like Horstmann style, and attaches the closing bracket to the last line in the block. It sets the options "keep one line blocks" and "keep one line statements". This is a very compact style and is a good style for small monitors.

Another new "Bracket Style" option is "style=lisp" or "style=python" or "A12". It uses attached brackets, like Java style, and attaches the closing bracket to the last line in the block. It sets the option "keep one line statements". This style makes indentation the only way of distinguishing blocks of code, but has the advantage of containing no uninformative lines. Like Pico, it is also a very compact style.

The option "brackets=horstmann" has been removed. Instead use "style=horstmann" or "A9". The short option "g" is now equivalent to the new "brackets=run-in". Run-in brackets are used for both Horstmann and Pico styles.

The option "indent-brackets" and short option "B" have been removed. Instead use "style=whitesmith" or "style=banner".

The option "indent-blocks" and short option "G" have been removed. Instead use "style=gnu".

Two new options, "style=break" and "style=attach", have been added for Allman and Java bracket styles respectively.

#### Other Changes

To allow for future expansion the short options will now allow an "x" prefix to be used. New short options may start with an "x" and will be followed by another character (e.g. "xa", "xb", "xc" ...). The current options, with one exception, will still be valid.

The short option for "delete-empty-lines" has been changed from "x" to "xd" to allow for the expansion of short options.

A new option "align-reference=" (-W#) allows references to be aligned separate from pointers. See the documentation for details.

Since computer screens are getting wider the maximum value for "max-instatement-indent" has been increased from 80 to 120.

New options ignore‑exclude‑errors (‑i) and ignore‑exclude‑errors‑x (‑xi) will allow processing to continue if there are errors in the "exclude" options. This lets the excludes for several projects to be entered in a single option file. The "ignore" options may be placed in the same option file as the excludes. The ignore‑exclude‑errors option will display the unmatched excludes, ignore‑exclude‑errors‑x will not display them.

Artistic Style can now format UTF-16 encoded files, both little and big endian. This encoding is the default for Visual Studio Unicode files. The file is formatted by converting it to UTF‑8 and then back to UTF‑16. The conversion process does not add a significant amount of time to the formatting. The UTF-16 file must be encoded with a byte-order-mark (BOM) to be recognized. Again, this is the Visual Studio default.

The Visual Studio project files now have a solution for both Win32 and x64 compiles. The x64 version will be needed if you are using an Artistic Style DLL for Java or C# on a Windows 7 platform. Or you may just prefer an x64 console program. The executable included in the Windows distribution is still Win32. It will work on both Win32 and x64 systems.

If you use Visual Studio C++ Express the 2010 release has the ability to compile x64 code. But you must use Vista or Windows 7 and need to install the .NET Framework SDK. I have created a brief instruction page here. Note that a fix is required if you apply Service Pack 1 after installing the .NET Framework SDK.

The documentation contains a new section "Command-line Only" which lists commands that are not available from an options file. The options were transferred from the "Other Options" section.

Thanks to Milian Wolff, Johannes Martin, and Arne F?rlie, and Marvin Humphrey for their contributions. The UTF‑8 and UTF‑16 conversions were obtained from the SciTE source code editor.

#### Survey Results

The results of the survey posted last release are available at General Information and Artistic Style Options. Thanks to everyone who took the time to complete it.

Surveys give an indication of how many people are using an option or want certain features. This is information that is not available in the bug reports.

In the "Enhancements" group there were three items with multiple requests. The most frequent request by far was to enforce a maximum line length. This is also the oldest request in the bug reports. Another item with multiple requests was to disable/enable Artistic Style formatting on request within source files. This is the second oldest request in the bug reports. A third item with multiple requests was to customize namespace brackets independent of the requested bracket style. I will try to address these in the next release.

Things that stand out to me in the multiple‑choice sections:

- The predefined styles and brackets options were each used about 50% each. That will change with this release.
- Over 50% of the survey uses Artistic Style for Windows. I have been working for a couple of years on a new program based on wxWidgets. I will try to give this more priority in the future.
- Over 75% of the survey uses Artistic Style to format entire projects.
- About one‑third of the Windows C++ users use Artistic Style for Managed C++.
- The most popular option is add‑brackets (60%), which was just recently added.
- The attach‑pointer options, in total (70%), are even more popular than add-brackets. They were also recently added.
- The preserve-date option is used by nearly one-third of the survey.
- All of the options are used by someone in the survey, even the ones I thought were outdated. The bracket styles that are not used are probably a result of not having enough response.

#### Developers

The Artistic Style for Windows program contains a sample GUI using the new bracket style options. The old predefined styles are now the bracket styles. The bracket options have been removed along with the indent‑brackets and indent‑blocks options. The new bracket styles all use the same default indent of 4 spaces, therefore it is not necessary to set an indentation from the bracket style. The new format is available for use with this release.

### Artistic Style 2.01 (November 2010)

With a new Artistic Style release some unchanged source files will be formatted because of changes to Artistic Style. You may want to format your source before making program changes in order to bring it up to date.

A new feature at SourceForge is download maps that show a list of downloads by country. It is available from the top menu at Develop > Download Stats (Beta), and clicking on the "top country" area. The list of downloads shows about 75% of Artistic Style downloads are from non English speaking countries. This release is the start of the internationalization of Artistic Style.

Artistic Style now sets the native local so that characters from the user’s native language will be recognized in directory names and file names. Artistic Style for Windows has also been changed to use the native locale. For Linux systems using UTF-8 locales, characters from any language will be recognized and any combination of languages can be used. For Windows, only languages recognized by the native codepage can be used. For example, the English locale (codepage 1252) also has French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, plus several other languages. Other locals, such as Chinese and Japanese, only support one language. Unicode was not used due to the varying degree of support by different compilers for console applications.

The locale setting also affects the way numbers are displayed. Language translations may be provided in a future release.

This is a major release (2.01) because of the internationalization and changes that will occur in the next couple of releases. Future releases will contain a major change to the bracket options and a rewrite of the file access method. Some of the requested changes require looking at blocks of code instead of single lines. The current program has been patched to do this but a rewrite of the file input is needed. These are both major changes but with the new test framework in place they should be manageable.

There has been a change to the ‑‑min‑conditional‑indent option. Instead of using the number of spaces it now uses a code expressed in number of indents. This will allow the option to be set independently of the spaces per indent. If you are using the default setting of two indents, or a setting of zero indents, there is no change necessary to the input. Otherwise, check the documentation for the new codes.

The --style=linux has been changed to ALWAYS use a minimum conditional indent of one-half the indent length. This is in the style definition and cannot be changed. If you do not want this setting use the K&R style instead.

The MFC macros BEGIN_DISPATCH_MAP, BEGIN_EVENT_MAP, and BEGIN_PROPPAGEIDS are now formatted.

Checksum verification has been added to source file output that will help assure that no code has been duplicated or omitted. This is effective only in the debug configuration used for testing.

The test framework has been changed from UnitTest++ to Google Test, which is actively maintained, has a mock object framework (Google Mock), and good documentation. Regression and system testing have been automated with Python scripts. Python has also been used for class verification checks and other repetitive procedures.

If you use Visual Studio C++ Express the 2010 release has the ability to create x64 code. But you must use Vista or Windows 7 and need to install the .NET Framework SDK. I have created a brief instruction page here.

Thanks to Matthew Woehlke, Chris Schwarz, Chang Jiang, and Arseny Solokha for their contributions.

#### Developers

On the library build of Artistic Style, the second argument of the fpError typedef and the javaErrorHandler declaration has been changed from "char*" to "const char*". This could cause a compile error if not changed in the source statements.

There has been a change in the ‑‑min‑conditional‑indent option. Instead of using number of spaces to indent it now uses a code expressed in number of indents. In the past this option was a problem because it was also affected by changes in indent length. With this release there is only one variable affected. The option is not affected by changes in indent length. The minimum conditional indent length is computed automatically by ASFormatter after all the options have been processed. Refer to the code in astyle_main.cpp to see how the option is processed.

The --style=linux has been changed to ALWAYS use a minimum conditional indent of one-half the indent length. The option is set in the function fixOptionVariableConflicts.

The use of locales affects only the command line build.

Previous releases are available in the News Archives.