require 'net/ssh/ruby_compat'
require 'net/ssh/transport/openssl'

module Net; module SSH

  # Net::SSH::Buffer is a flexible class for building and parsing binary
  # data packets. It provides a stream-like interface for sequentially
  # reading data items from the buffer, as well as a useful helper method
  # for building binary packets given a signature.
  #
  # Writing to a buffer always appends to the end, regardless of where the
  # read cursor is. Reading, on the other hand, always begins at the first
  # byte of the buffer and increments the read cursor, with subsequent reads
  # taking up where the last left off.
  #
  # As a consumer of the Net::SSH library, you will rarely come into contact
  # with these buffer objects directly, but it could happen. Also, if you
  # are ever implementing a protocol on top of SSH (e.g. SFTP), this buffer
  # class can be quite handy.
  class Buffer
    # This is a convenience method for creating and populating a new buffer
    # from a single command. The arguments must be even in length, with the
    # first of each pair of arguments being a symbol naming the type of the
    # data that follows. If the type is :raw, the value is written directly
    # to the hash.
    #
    #   b = Buffer.from(:byte, 1, :string, "hello", :raw, "\1\2\3\4")
    #   #-> "\1\0\0\0\5hello\1\2\3\4"
    #
    # The supported data types are:
    #
    # * :raw => write the next value verbatim (#write)
    # * :int64 => write an 8-byte integer (#write_int64)
    # * :long => write a 4-byte integer (#write_long)
    # * :byte => write a single byte (#write_byte)
    # * :string => write a 4-byte length followed by character data (#write_string)
    # * :bool => write a single byte, interpreted as a boolean (#write_bool)
    # * :bignum => write an SSH-encoded bignum (#write_bignum)
    # * :key => write an SSH-encoded key value (#write_key)
    #
    # Any of these, except for :raw, accepts an Array argument, to make it
    # easier to write multiple values of the same type in a briefer manner.
    def self.from(*args)
      raise ArgumentError, "odd number of arguments given" unless args.length % 2 == 0

      buffer = new
      0.step(args.length-1, 2) do |index|
        type = args[index]
        value = args[index+1]
        if type == :raw
          buffer.append(value.to_s)
        elsif Array === value
          buffer.send("write_#{type}", *value)
        else
          buffer.send("write_#{type}", value)
        end
      end

      buffer
    end

    # exposes the raw content of the buffer
    attr_reader :content

    # the current position of the pointer in the buffer
    attr_accessor :position

    # Creates a new buffer, initialized to the given content. The position
    # is initialized to the beginning of the buffer.
    def initialize(content="")
      @content = content.to_s
      @position = 0
    end

    # Returns the length of the buffer's content.
    def length
      @content.length
    end

    # Returns the number of bytes available to be read (e.g., how many bytes
    # remain between the current position and the end of the buffer).
    def available
      length - position
    end

    # Returns a copy of the buffer's content.
    def to_s
      (@content || "").dup
    end

    # Compares the contents of the two buffers, returning +true+ only if they
    # are identical in size and content.
    def ==(buffer)
      to_s == buffer.to_s
    end

    # Returns +true+ if the buffer contains no data (e.g., it is of zero length).
    def empty?
      @content.empty?
    end

    # Resets the pointer to the start of the buffer. Subsequent reads will
    # begin at position 0.
    def reset!
      @position = 0
    end

    # Returns true if the pointer is at the end of the buffer. Subsequent
    # reads will return nil, in this case.
    def eof?
      @position >= length
    end

    # Resets the buffer, making it empty. Also, resets the read position to
    # 0.
    def clear!
      @content = ""
      @position = 0
    end

    # Consumes n bytes from the buffer, where n is the current position
    # unless otherwise specified. This is useful for removing data from the
    # buffer that has previously been read, when you are expecting more data
    # to be appended. It helps to keep the size of buffers down when they
    # would otherwise tend to grow without bound.
    #
    # Returns the buffer object itself.
    def consume!(n=position)
      if n >= length
        # optimize for a fairly common case
        clear!
      elsif n > 0
        @content = @content[n..-1] || ""
        @position -= n
        @position = 0 if @position < 0
      end
      self
    end

    # Appends the given text to the end of the buffer. Does not alter the
    # read position. Returns the buffer object itself.
    def append(text)
      @content << text
      self
    end

    # Returns all text from the current pointer to the end of the buffer as
    # a new Net::SSH::Buffer object.
    def remainder_as_buffer
      Buffer.new(@content[@position..-1])
    end

    # Reads all data up to and including the given pattern, which may be a
    # String, Fixnum, or Regexp and is interpreted exactly as String#index
    # does. Returns nil if nothing matches. Increments the position to point
    # immediately after the pattern, if it does match. Returns all data up to
    # and including the text that matched the pattern.
    def read_to(pattern)
      index = @content.index(pattern, @position) or return nil
      length = case pattern
        when String then pattern.length
        when Fixnum then 1
        when Regexp then $&.length
      end
      index && read(index+length)
    end

    # Reads and returns the next +count+ bytes from the buffer, starting from
    # the read position. If +count+ is +nil+, this will return all remaining
    # text in the buffer. This method will increment the pointer.
    def read(count=nil)
      count ||= length
      count = length - @position if @position + count > length
      @position += count
      @content[@position-count, count]
    end

    # Reads (as #read) and returns the given number of bytes from the buffer,
    # and then consumes (as #consume!) all data up to the new read position.
    def read!(count=nil)
      data = read(count)
      consume!
      data
    end
      
    # Return the next 8 bytes as a 64-bit integer (in network byte order).
    # Returns nil if there are less than 8 bytes remaining to be read in the
    # buffer.
    def read_int64
      hi = read_long or return nil
      lo = read_long or return nil
      return (hi << 32) + lo
    end

    # Return the next four bytes as a long integer (in network byte order).
    # Returns nil if there are less than 4 bytes remaining to be read in the
    # buffer.
    def read_long
      b = read(4) or return nil
      b.unpack("N").first
    end

    # Read and return the next byte in the buffer. Returns nil if called at
    # the end of the buffer.
    def read_byte
      b = read(1) or return nil
      b.getbyte(0)
    end

    # Read and return an SSH2-encoded string. The string starts with a long
    # integer that describes the number of bytes remaining in the string.
    # Returns nil if there are not enough bytes to satisfy the request.
    def read_string
      length = read_long or return nil
      read(length)
    end

    # Read a single byte and convert it into a boolean, using 'C' rules
    # (i.e., zero is false, non-zero is true).
    def read_bool
      b = read_byte or return nil
      b != 0
    end

    # Read a bignum (OpenSSL::BN) from the buffer, in SSH2 format. It is
    # essentially just a string, which is reinterpreted to be a bignum in
    # binary format.
    def read_bignum
      data = read_string
      return unless data
      OpenSSL::BN.new(data, 2)
    end

    # Read a key from the buffer. The key will start with a string
    # describing its type. The remainder of the key is defined by the
    # type that was read.
    def read_key
      type = read_string
      return (type ? read_keyblob(type) : nil)
    end

    # Read a keyblob of the given type from the buffer, and return it as
    # a key. Only RSA, DSA, and ECDSA keys are supported.
    def read_keyblob(type)
      case type
        when /^ssh-dss(-cert-v01@openssh\.com)?$/
          key = OpenSSL::PKey::DSA.new
          key.p = read_bignum
          key.q = read_bignum
          key.g = read_bignum
          key.pub_key = read_bignum

        when /^ssh-rsa(-cert-v01@openssh\.com)?$/
          key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new
          key.e = read_bignum
          key.n = read_bignum

        when /^ecdsa\-sha2\-(\w*)$/, /^ssh-ed25519(-cert-v01@openssh.com)?$/
          unless defined?(OpenSSL::PKey::EC)
            raise NotImplementedError, "unsupported key type `#{type}'"
          else
            begin
              key = OpenSSL::PKey::EC.read_keyblob($1, self)
            rescue OpenSSL::PKey::ECError
              raise NotImplementedError, "unsupported key type `#{type}'"
            end
          end
        else
          raise NotImplementedError, "unsupported key type `#{type}'"
      end

      return key
    end

    # Reads the next string from the buffer, and returns a new Buffer
    # object that wraps it.
    def read_buffer
      Buffer.new(read_string)
    end

    # Writes the given data literally into the string. Does not alter the
    # read position. Returns the buffer object.
    def write(*data)
      data.each { |datum| @content << datum }
      self
    end

    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a network-byte-order-encoded
    # 64-bit integer (8 bytes). Does not alter the read position. Returns the
    # buffer object.
    def write_int64(*n)
      n.each do |i|
        hi = (i >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF
        lo = i & 0xFFFFFFFF
        @content << [hi, lo].pack("N2")
      end
      self
    end

    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a network-byte-order-encoded
    # long (4-byte) integer. Does not alter the read position. Returns the
    # buffer object.
    def write_long(*n)
      @content << n.pack("N*")
      self
    end

    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a byte. Does not alter the read
    # position. Returns the buffer object.
    def write_byte(*n)
      n.each { |b| @content << b.chr }
      self
    end

    # Writes each argument to the buffer as an SSH2-encoded string. Each
    # string is prefixed by its length, encoded as a 4-byte long integer.
    # Does not alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
    def write_string(*text)
      text.each do |string|
        s = string.to_s
        write_long(s.bytesize)
        write(s)
      end
      self
    end

    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a (C-style) boolean, with 1
    # meaning true, and 0 meaning false. Does not alter the read position.
    # Returns the buffer object.
    def write_bool(*b)
      b.each { |v| @content << (v ? "\1" : "\0") }
      self
    end

    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a bignum (SSH2-style). No
    # checking is done to ensure that the arguments are, in fact, bignums.
    # Does not alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
    def write_bignum(*n)
      @content << n.map { |b| b.to_ssh }.join
      self
    end

    # Writes the given arguments to the buffer as SSH2-encoded keys. Does not
    # alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
    def write_key(*key)
      key.each { |k| append(k.to_blob) }
      self
    end
  end
end; end;
