# -*- Mode:Python; indent-tabs-mode:nil; tab-width:4 -*-
#
# Copyright 2002 Ben Escoto <ben@emerose.org>
# Copyright 2007 Kenneth Loafman <kenneth@loafman.com>
# Copyright 2011 Alexander Zangerl <az@snafu.priv.at>
# Copyright 2012 edso (ssh_config added)
#
# $Id: sshbackend.py,v 1.2 2011/12/31 04:44:12 az Exp $
#
# This file is part of duplicity.
#
# Duplicity is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
# Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
# option) any later version.
#
# Duplicity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with duplicity; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

import re
import string
import os
import errno
import sys
import time
import getpass
import logging
from binascii import hexlify

import duplicity.backend
from duplicity import globals
from duplicity import log
from duplicity import util
from duplicity.errors import *

read_blocksize=65635            # for doing scp retrievals, where we need to read ourselves

class SSHParamikoBackend(duplicity.backend.Backend):
    """This backend accesses files using the sftp protocol, or scp when the --use-scp option is given.
    It does not need any local client programs, but an ssh server and the sftp program must be installed on the remote
    side (or with --use-scp, the programs scp, ls, mkdir, rm and a POSIX-compliant shell).

    Authentication keys are requested from an ssh agent if present, then ~/.ssh/id_rsa/dsa are tried.
    If -oIdentityFile=path is present in --ssh-options, then that file is also tried.
    The passphrase for any of these keys is taken from the URI or FTP_PASSWORD.
    If none of the above are available, password authentication is attempted (using the URI or FTP_PASSWORD).

    Missing directories on the remote side will be created.

    If --use-scp is active then all operations on the remote side require passing arguments through a shell,
    which introduces unavoidable quoting issues: directory and file names that contain single quotes will not work.
    This problem does not exist with sftp.
    """
    def __init__(self, parsed_url):
        duplicity.backend.Backend.__init__(self, parsed_url)

        self.retry_delay = 10

        if parsed_url.path:
            # remove first leading '/'
            self.remote_dir = re.sub(r'^/', r'', parsed_url.path, 1)
        else:
            self.remote_dir = '.'

        # lazily import paramiko when we need it
        # debian squeeze's paramiko is a bit old, so we silence randompool depreciation warning
        # note also: passphrased private keys work with squeeze's paramiko only if done with DES, not AES
        import warnings
        warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
        import paramiko
        warnings.resetwarnings()

        class AgreedAddPolicy (paramiko.AutoAddPolicy):
            """
            Policy for showing a yes/no prompt and adding the hostname and new 
            host key to the known host file accordingly.
            
            This class simply extends the AutoAddPolicy class with a yes/no prompt.
            """
            def missing_host_key(self, client, hostname, key):
                fp = hexlify(key.get_fingerprint())
                fingerprint = ':'.join(a+b for a,b in zip(fp[::2], fp[1::2]))
                question = """The authenticity of host '%s' can't be established.
%s key fingerprint is %s.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? """ % (hostname, key.get_name().upper(), fingerprint)
                while True:
                    sys.stdout.write(question)
                    choice = raw_input().lower()
                    if choice in ['yes','y']:
                        super(AgreedAddPolicy, self).missing_host_key(client, hostname, key)
                        return
                    elif choice in ['no','n']:
                        raise AuthenticityException( hostname )
                    else:
                        question = "Please type 'yes' or 'no': "
        
        class AuthenticityException (paramiko.SSHException):
            def __init__(self, hostname):
                paramiko.SSHException.__init__(self, 'Host key verification for server %s failed.' % hostname)

        self.client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        self.client.set_missing_host_key_policy(AgreedAddPolicy())
        
        # paramiko uses logging with the normal python severity levels,
        # but duplicity uses both custom levels and inverted logic...*sigh*
        self.client.set_log_channel("sshbackend")
        ours=paramiko.util.get_logger("sshbackend")
        dest=logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
        dest.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('ssh: %(message)s'))
        ours.addHandler(dest)

        # ..and the duplicity levels are neither linear, 
        # nor are the names compatible with python logging, eg. 'NOTICE'...WAAAAAH!
        plevel=logging.getLogger("duplicity").getEffectiveLevel()
        if plevel <= 1:
            wanted=logging.DEBUG
        elif plevel <= 5:
            wanted=logging.INFO
        elif plevel <= 7:
            wanted=logging.WARNING
        elif plevel <= 9:
            wanted=logging.ERROR
        else:
            wanted=logging.CRITICAL
        ours.setLevel(wanted)
        
        # load known_hosts files
        # paramiko is very picky wrt format and bails out on any problem...
        try:
            if os.path.isfile("/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts"):
                self.client.load_system_host_keys("/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts")
        except Exception, e:
            raise BackendException("could not load /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, maybe corrupt?")
        try:
            # use load_host_keys() to signal it's writable to paramiko
            # load if file exists or add filename to create it if needed
            file = os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts')
            if os.path.isfile(file):
                self.client.load_host_keys(file)
            else:
                self.client._host_keys_filename = file
        except Exception, e:
            raise BackendException("could not load ~/.ssh/known_hosts, maybe corrupt?")

        """ the next block reorganizes all host parameters into a
        dictionary like SSHConfig does. this dictionary 'self.config' 
        becomes the authorative source for these values from here on.
        rationale is that it is easiest to deal wrt overwriting multiple 
        values from ssh_config file. (ede 03/2012)
        """
        self.config={'hostname':parsed_url.hostname}
        # get system host config entries
        self.config.update(self.gethostconfig('/etc/ssh/ssh_config',parsed_url.hostname))
        # update with user's config file
        self.config.update(self.gethostconfig('~/.ssh/config',parsed_url.hostname))
        # update with url values
        ## username from url
        if parsed_url.username:
            self.config.update({'user':parsed_url.username})
        ## username from input
        if not 'user' in self.config:
            self.config.update({'user':getpass.getuser()})
        ## port from url
        if parsed_url.port:
            self.config.update({'port':parsed_url.port})
        ## ensure there is deafult 22 or an int value
        if 'port' in self.config:
            self.config.update({'port':int(self.config['port'])})
        else:
            self.config.update({'port':22})
        ## alternative ssh private key, identity file
        m=re.search("-oidentityfile=(\S+)",globals.ssh_options,re.I)
        if (m!=None):
            keyfilename=m.group(1)
            self.config['identityfile'] = keyfilename
        ## ensure ~ is expanded and identity exists in dictionary
        if 'identityfile' in self.config:
            if not isinstance(self.config['identityfile'], list):
                # Paramiko 1.9.0 and earlier do not support multiple
                # identity files when parsing config files and always
                # return a string; later versions always return a list,
                # even if there is only one file given.
                #
                # All recent versions seem to support *using* multiple
                # identity files, though, so to make things easier, we
                # simply always use a list.
                self.config['identityfile'] = [self.config['identityfile']]

            self.config['identityfile'] = [os.path.expanduser(i) for i in
                    self.config['identityfile']]
        else:
            self.config['identityfile'] = None

        # get password, enable prompt if askpass is set
        self.use_getpass = globals.ssh_askpass
        ## set url values for beautiful login prompt
        parsed_url.username = self.config['user']
        parsed_url.hostname = self.config['hostname']
        password = self.get_password()

        try:
            self.client.connect(hostname=self.config['hostname'], 
                                port=self.config['port'], 
                                username=self.config['user'], 
                                password=password,
                                allow_agent=True, 
                                look_for_keys=True,
                                key_filename=self.config['identityfile'])
        except Exception, e:
            raise BackendException("ssh connection to %s@%s:%d failed: %s" % (
                                    self.config['user'],
                                    self.config['hostname'],
                                    self.config['port'],e))
        self.client.get_transport().set_keepalive((int)(globals.timeout / 2))

        # scp or sftp?
        if (globals.use_scp):
            # sanity-check the directory name
            if (re.search("'",self.remote_dir)):
                raise BackendException("cannot handle directory names with single quotes with --use-scp!")

            # make directory if needed
            self.runremote("test -d '%s' || mkdir -p '%s'" % (self.remote_dir,self.remote_dir),False,"scp mkdir ")
        else:
            try:
                self.sftp=self.client.open_sftp()
            except Exception, e:
                raise BackendException("sftp negotiation failed: %s" % e)


            # move to the appropriate directory, possibly after creating it and its parents
            dirs = self.remote_dir.split(os.sep)
            if len(dirs) > 0:
                if not dirs[0]:
                    dirs = dirs[1:]
                    dirs[0]= '/' + dirs[0]
                for d in dirs:
                    if (d == ''):
                        continue
                    try:
                        attrs=self.sftp.stat(d)
                    except IOError, e:
                        if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
                            try:
                                self.sftp.mkdir(d)
                            except Exception, e:
                                raise BackendException("sftp mkdir %s failed: %s" % (self.sftp.normalize(".")+"/"+d,e))
                        else:
                            raise BackendException("sftp stat %s failed: %s" % (self.sftp.normalize(".")+"/"+d,e))
                    try:
                        self.sftp.chdir(d)
                    except Exception, e:
                        raise BackendException("sftp chdir to %s failed: %s" % (self.sftp.normalize(".")+"/"+d,e))

    def put(self, source_path, remote_filename = None):
        """transfers a single file to the remote side.
        In scp mode unavoidable quoting issues will make this fail if the remote directory or file name
        contain single quotes."""
        if not remote_filename:
            remote_filename = source_path.get_filename()
        
        for n in range(1, globals.num_retries+1):
            if n > 1:
                # sleep before retry
                time.sleep(self.retry_delay)
            try:
                if (globals.use_scp):
                    f=file(source_path.name,'rb')
                    try:
                        chan=self.client.get_transport().open_session()
                        chan.settimeout(globals.timeout)
                        chan.exec_command("scp -t '%s'" % self.remote_dir) # scp in sink mode uses the arg as base directory
                    except Exception, e:
                        raise BackendException("scp execution failed: %s" % e)
                    # scp protocol: one 0x0 after startup, one after the Create meta, one after saving
                    # if there's a problem: 0x1 or 0x02 and some error text
                    response=chan.recv(1)
                    if (response!="\0"):
                        raise BackendException("scp remote error: %s" % chan.recv(-1))
                    fstat=os.stat(source_path.name)
                    chan.send('C%s %d %s\n' %(oct(fstat.st_mode)[-4:], fstat.st_size, remote_filename))
                    response=chan.recv(1)
                    if (response!="\0"):
                        raise BackendException("scp remote error: %s" % chan.recv(-1))
                    chan.sendall(f.read()+'\0')
                    f.close()
                    response=chan.recv(1)
                    if (response!="\0"):
                        raise BackendException("scp remote error: %s" % chan.recv(-1))
                    chan.close()
                    return
                else:
                    try:
                        self.sftp.put(source_path.name,remote_filename)
                        return
                    except Exception, e:
                        raise BackendException("sftp put of %s (as %s) failed: %s" % (source_path.name,remote_filename,e))
            except Exception, e:
                log.Warn("%s (Try %d of %d) Will retry in %d seconds." % (e,n,globals.num_retries,self.retry_delay))
        raise BackendException("Giving up trying to upload '%s' after %d attempts" % (remote_filename,n))


    def get(self, remote_filename, local_path):
        """retrieves a single file from the remote side.
        In scp mode unavoidable quoting issues will make this fail if the remote directory or file names
        contain single quotes."""
        
        for n in range(1, globals.num_retries+1):
            if n > 1:
                # sleep before retry
                time.sleep(self.retry_delay)
            try:
                if (globals.use_scp):
                    try:
                        chan=self.client.get_transport().open_session()
                        chan.settimeout(globals.timeout)
                        chan.exec_command("scp -f '%s/%s'" % (self.remote_dir,remote_filename))
                    except Exception, e:
                        raise BackendException("scp execution failed: %s" % e)

                    chan.send('\0')     # overall ready indicator
                    msg=chan.recv(-1)
                    m=re.match(r"C([0-7]{4})\s+(\d+)\s+(\S.*)$",msg)
                    if (m==None or m.group(3)!=remote_filename):
                        raise BackendException("scp get %s failed: incorrect response '%s'" % (remote_filename,msg))
                    chan.recv(1)        # dispose of the newline trailing the C message

                    size=int(m.group(2))
                    togo=size
                    f=file(local_path.name,'wb')
                    chan.send('\0')     # ready for data
                    try:
                        while togo>0:
                            if togo>read_blocksize:
                                blocksize = read_blocksize
                            else:
                                blocksize = togo
                            buff=chan.recv(blocksize)
                            f.write(buff)
                            togo-=len(buff)
                    except Exception, e:
                        raise BackendException("scp get %s failed: %s" % (remote_filename,e))

                    msg=chan.recv(1)    # check the final status
                    if msg!='\0':
                        raise BackendException("scp get %s failed: %s" % (remote_filename,chan.recv(-1)))
                    f.close()
                    chan.send('\0')     # send final done indicator
                    chan.close()
                    return
                else:
                    try:
                        self.sftp.get(remote_filename,local_path.name)
                        return
                    except Exception, e:
                        raise BackendException("sftp get of %s (to %s) failed: %s" % (remote_filename,local_path.name,e))
                local_path.setdata()
            except Exception, e:
                log.Warn("%s (Try %d of %d) Will retry in %d seconds." % (e,n,globals.num_retries,self.retry_delay))
        raise BackendException("Giving up trying to download '%s' after %d attempts" % (remote_filename,n))

    def _list(self):
        """lists the contents of the one-and-only duplicity dir on the remote side.
        In scp mode unavoidable quoting issues will make this fail if the directory name
        contains single quotes."""
        for n in range(1, globals.num_retries+1):
            if n > 1:
                # sleep before retry
                time.sleep(self.retry_delay)
            try:
                if (globals.use_scp):
                    output=self.runremote("ls -1 '%s'" % self.remote_dir,False,"scp dir listing ")
                    return output.splitlines()
                else:
                    try:
                        return self.sftp.listdir()
                    except Exception, e:
                        raise BackendException("sftp listing of %s failed: %s" % (self.sftp.getcwd(),e))
            except Exception, e:
                log.Warn("%s (Try %d of %d) Will retry in %d seconds." % (e,n,globals.num_retries,self.retry_delay))
        raise BackendException("Giving up trying to list '%s' after %d attempts" % (self.remote_dir,n))

    def delete(self, filename_list):
        """deletes all files in the list on the remote side. In scp mode unavoidable quoting issues
        will cause failures if filenames containing single quotes are encountered."""
        for fn in filename_list:
            # Try to delete each file several times before giving up completely.
            for n in range(1, globals.num_retries+1):
                try:
                    if (globals.use_scp):
                        self.runremote("rm '%s/%s'" % (self.remote_dir,fn),False,"scp rm ")
                    else:
                        try:
                            self.sftp.remove(fn)
                        except Exception, e:
                            raise BackendException("sftp rm %s failed: %s" % (fn,e))

                    # If we get here, we deleted this file successfully. Move on to the next one.
                    break
                except Exception, e:
                    if n == globals.num_retries:
                        log.FatalError(util.uexc(e), log.ErrorCode.backend_error)
                    else:
                        log.Warn("%s (Try %d of %d) Will retry in %d seconds." % (e,n,globals.num_retries,self.retry_delay))
                        time.sleep(self.retry_delay)

    def runremote(self,cmd,ignoreexitcode=False,errorprefix=""):
        """small convenience function that opens a shell channel, runs remote command and returns
        stdout of command. throws an exception if exit code!=0 and not ignored"""
        try:
            chan=self.client.get_transport().open_session()
            chan.settimeout(globals.timeout)
            chan.exec_command(cmd)
        except Exception, e:
            raise BackendException("%sexecution failed: %s" % (errorprefix,e))
        output=chan.recv(-1)
        res=chan.recv_exit_status()
        if (res!=0 and not ignoreexitcode):
            raise BackendException("%sfailed(%d): %s" % (errorprefix,res,chan.recv_stderr(4096)))
        return output

    def gethostconfig(self, file, host):
        import paramiko
        
        file = os.path.expanduser(file)
        if not os.path.isfile(file):
            return {}
        
        sshconfig = paramiko.SSHConfig()
        try:
            sshconfig.parse(open(file))
        except Exception, e:
            raise BackendException("could not load '%s', maybe corrupt?" % (file))
        
        return sshconfig.lookup(host)

duplicity.backend.register_backend("sftp", SSHParamikoBackend)
duplicity.backend.register_backend("scp", SSHParamikoBackend)
duplicity.backend.register_backend("ssh", SSHParamikoBackend)
