PostgreSQL 9.3.2 Documentation
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# 30.1. Running the Tests

The regression tests can be run against an already installed and running server, or using a temporary installation within the build tree. Furthermore, there is a "parallel" and a "sequential" mode for running the tests. The sequential method runs each test script alone, while the parallel method starts up multiple server processes to run groups of tests in parallel. Parallel testing gives confidence that interprocess communication and locking are working correctly.

## 30.1.1. Running the Tests Against a Temporary Installation

To run the parallel regression tests after building but before installation, type:

    gmake check

in the top-level directory. (Or you can change to `src/test/regress` and run the command there.) This will first build several auxiliary files, such as sample user-defined trigger functions, and then run the test driver script. At the end you should see something like:

    =======================
     All 115 tests passed.
    =======================

or otherwise a note about which tests failed. See Section 30.2 below before assuming that a "failure" represents a serious problem.

Because this test method runs a temporary server, it will not work when you are the root user (since the server will not start as root). If you already did the build as root, you do not have to start all over. Instead, make the regression test directory writable by some other user, log in as that user, and restart the tests. For example:

    root# chmod -R a+w src/test/regress
    root# su - joeuser
    joeuser$ cd top-level build directory
    joeuser$ gmake check

(The only possible "security risk" here is that other users might be able to alter the regression test results behind your back. Use common sense when managing user permissions.)

Alternatively, run the tests after installation.

If you have configured PostgreSQL to install into a location where an older PostgreSQL installation already exists, and you perform `gmake check` before installing the new version, you might find that the tests fail because the new programs try to use the already-installed shared libraries. (Typical symptoms are complaints about undefined symbols.) If you wish to run the tests before overwriting the old installation, you'll need to build with `configure --disable-rpath`. It is not recommended that you use this option for the final installation, however.

The parallel regression test starts quite a few processes under your user ID. Presently, the maximum concurrency is twenty parallel test scripts, which means forty processes: there's a server process and a psql process for each test script. So if your system enforces a per-user limit on the number of processes, make sure this limit is at least fifty or so, else you might get random-seeming failures in the parallel test. If you are not in a position to raise the limit, you can cut down the degree of parallelism by setting the `MAX_CONNECTIONS` parameter. For example:

    gmake MAX_CONNECTIONS=10 check

runs no more than ten tests concurrently.

## 30.1.2. Running the Tests Against an Existing Installation

To run the tests after installation (see Chapter 15), initialize a data area and start the server, as explained in Chapter 17, then type:

    gmake installcheck

or for a parallel test:

    gmake installcheck-parallel

The tests will expect to contact the server at the local host and the default port number, unless directed otherwise by `PGHOST` and `PGPORT` environment variables.

The source distribution also contains regression tests for the optional procedural languages and for some of the `contrib` modules. At present, these tests can be used only against an already-installed server. To run the tests for all procedural languages that have been built and installed, change to the `src/pl` directory of the build tree and type:

    gmake installcheck

You can also do this in any of the subdirectories of `src/pl` to run tests for just one procedural language. To run the tests for all `contrib` modules that have them, change to the `contrib` directory of the build tree and type:

    gmake installcheck

The `contrib` modules must have been built and installed first. You can also do this in a subdirectory of `contrib` to run the tests for just one module.

## 30.1.3. Testing Hot Standby

The source distribution also contains regression tests of the static behavior of Hot Standby. These tests require a running primary server and a running standby server that is accepting new WAL changes from the primary using either file-based log shipping or streaming replication. Those servers are not automatically created for you, nor is the setup documented here. Please check the various sections of the documentation already devoted to the required commands and related issues.

First create a database called "regression" on the primary.

    psql -h primary -c "CREATE DATABASE regression"

Next, run a preparatory script on the primary in the regression database: `src/test/regress/sql/hs_primary_setup.sql`, and allow for the changes to propagate to the standby, for example

    psql -h primary -f src/test/regress/sql/hs_primary_setup.sql regression

Now confirm that the default connection for the tester is the standby server under test and then run the `standbycheck` target from the regression directory:

    cd src/test/regress
    gmake standbycheck

Some extreme behaviors can also be generated on the primary using the script: `src/test/regress/sql/hs_primary_extremes.sql` to allow the behavior of the standby to be tested.

Additional automated testing may be available in later releases.

## 30.1.4. Locale and Encoding

By default, the tests against a temporary installation use the locale defined in the current environment and the corresponding database encoding as determined by `initdb`. It can be useful to test different locales by setting the appropriate environment variables, for example:

    gmake check LANG=C
    gmake check LC_COLLATE=en_US.utf8 LC_CTYPE=fr_CA.utf8

For implementation reasons, setting `LC_ALL` does not work for this purpose; all the other locale-related environment variables do work.

When testing against an existing installation, the locale is determined by the existing database cluster and cannot be set separately for the test run.

You can also choose the database encoding explicitly by setting the variable `ENCODING`, for example:

    gmake check LANG=C ENCODING=EUC_JP

Setting the database encoding this way typically only makes sense if the locale is C; otherwise the encoding is chosen automatically from the locale, and specifying an encoding that does not match the locale will result in an error.

The encoding can be set for tests against a temporary or an existing installation.

## 30.1.5. Extra Tests

The regression test suite contains a few test files that are not run by default, because they might be platform-dependent or take a very long time to run. You can run these or other extra test files by setting the variable `EXTRA_TESTS`. For example, to run the `numeric_big` test:

    gmake check EXTRA_TESTS=numeric_big

To run the collation tests:

    gmake check EXTRA_TESTS=collate.linux.utf8 LANG=en_US.utf8

The `collate.linux.utf8` test works only on Linux/glibc platforms, and only when run in a database that uses UTF-8 encoding.

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