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# Default Applications (简体中文)

From ArchWiki

There are numerous places to configure default applications on Linux. This page will attempt to address problems related to the following issues:

- You need to change a certain default application (e.g. after switching desktop environments), but there appears to be nowhere to configure it, or an application ignores your configuration
- You regularly switch back and forth between several desktop environments, and need to configure some applications (e.g. file manager) on a per-desktop-environment basis, but need to configure others (e.g. web browser) globally

## 更改默认应用程序

### xdg-open

xdg-open is a desktop-independent tool for configuring default applications.

#### 它是如何工作的

This is currently very shaky because the standard in question (relevant freedesktop.org document, "Default application ordering" section) is still not finalised and it is even less correctly implemented.

What happens with the current version of xdg-open (extra/xdg-utils 1.1.0rc1-3) is the following: xdg-open uses xdg-mime (among other things; if you use a mainstream DE like GNOME, KDE or LXDE, xdg-open might try using their specific tools before xdg-mime) to find the MIME type of the file that is to be opened and the default application associated with that MIME type. xdg-mime 在如下文件中查找默认应用程序:

    /usr/share/applications/defaults.list      (全局,按照此文件名不行，实际文件名是mimeinfo.cache)
    ~/.local/share/applications/defaults.list  (各用户, 覆盖全局)

这些文件的语法是:

    [Default Applications]
    mimetype=desktopfile1;desktopfile2;...;desktopfileN

例如.

    [Default Applications]
    text/html=firefox.desktop;chromium.desktop

The intent is to be able to specify applications in order of preference so the next would be selected if the previous is unavailable. However, xdg-open is currently broken and specifying more than one application for a single MIME type will result in none being used. Be sure to specify only one application per MIME type.

Also see xdg-open for more information on what affects its behaviour. This information is sufficient for a user to configure default applications on Arch currently.

#### 应该如何工作

However, the behaviour described in the previous section is actually wrong according to the quoted standard draft. defaults.list should only be used by distributions/DEs to specify sane defaults for that particular environment. This file should only be placed in `/usr/share/applications/`, it should be a system-wide setting and it should not be changed by users. Instead, users should use the following files to specify custom file associations:

    /usr/share/applications/mimeapps.list      (全局)
    ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list  (各用户, 覆盖全局)

The syntax of these files is as follows:

    [Added Associations]
    mimetype=desktopfile1;desktopfile2;...;desktopfileN

    [Removed Associations]
    mimetype=desktopfile1;desktopfile2;...;desktopfileN

The [Added Associations] section is used to specify preferred (default) applications in decreasing order of preference for the specified MIME type. The [Removed Associations] section is used to explicitly remove any previously inherited associations.

Note that the upstream, yet unreleased xdg-utils were fixed to use mimeapps.list instead of defaults.list but the xdg-open bug (specifying multiple applications breaks it completely) still remains.

Currently, the best option is to use mimeo, which implements everything explained above correctly. There is also xdg-utils-mimeo which provides a patched xdg-open to use mimeo. Both are available in AUR.

### Gnome 3

The xdg-open settings are usually recognized by Gnome, but if they aren't, there are still other methods.

#### GConf

As far as I can tell, on Gnome 3, there are two configuration systems, GConf (older) and dconf (newer). GConf can be configured with `gconf-editor`; in particular, you can try messing with the `/desktop/gnome/applications/` key, but changing settings there didn't fix any problems I had. dconf can be configured with the `gsettings` command.

#### 终端

To configure the default terminal for the package nautilus-open-terminal to Konsole, use

    $ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec konsole
    $ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec-arg "'-e'"

The second command tells `konsole` to expect a command to be passed to it as part of the invocation. nautilus-open-terminal needs this because it passes a `cd` command in order to switch to the appropriate directory. For example, opening a terminal in your `~/Desktop` directory will invoke something like

    $ konsole -e cd "~/Desktop"

#### 网络浏览器

To configure the web browser used by the AUR package gnome-gmail-notifier, run

    $ gconf-editor

and edit the `/desktop/gnome/url-handlers/http/` key. You may want to change `https/`, `about/`, and `unknown/` keys while you're at it.

## Maintaining settings for multiple desktop environments

The `OnlyShowIn` field of a .desktop file may be useful; see this page. I haven't tried setting this field yet; please update this wiki page if you have any info about using `OnlyShowIn`.

## Troubleshooting

### Applications don't appear in the Open With... context menu (of a file manager)

Sometimes, a certain application will not appear in the right-click Open With... dialog. To fix this problem, locate the `.desktop` file in `/usr/share/applications`, edit it as root, and add `%U` to the end of the `Exec=` line. For example, Kile currently has this problem; you need to edit `/usr/share/applications/kde4/kile.desktop` and change the line reading `Exec=kile` to read `Exec=kile %U`. Also, please file a bug against the upstream project if you notice this problem.

You may also have to edit the `MimeTypes` list in the `.desktop` file if you install extensions that allow an application to handle additional MIME types.

Retrieved from "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Default_Applications_(简体中文)&oldid=273306"
Category:

- Desktop environments (简体中文)

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