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# Intel Graphics

From ArchWiki

Summary
Information on Intel graphics cards/chipsets and the intel video driver.
Related
Intel GMA3600
Poulsbo
Xorg

Since Intel provides and supports open source drivers, Intel graphics are now essentially plug-and-play.

For a comprehensive list of Intel GPU models and corresponding chipsets and CPUs, see this comparison on Wikipedia.

Note: PowerVR-based graphics (GMA 500 and GMA 3600 series) are not supported by open source drivers.

## Installation

Prerequisite: Xorg.

Install the xf86-video-intel package which is available in the official repositories. It provides the DDX driver for 2D acceleration and an XvMC driver for video decoding on older GPUs. It pulls in intel-dri as a dependency, providing the DRI driver for 3D acceleration.

Hardware accelerated video decoding/encoding on newer GPUs is possible through the VA-API driver provided by libva-intel-driver package also, available in the official repositories.

Note: User may need to install lib32-intel-dri in 64-bit systems to use 3D acceleration in 32-bit programs.

## Configuration

There is no need for any kind of configuration to get the X.Org running (an `xorg.conf` is unneeded, but needs to be configured correctly if present).

For the list of options, type `man intel`.

## KMS (Kernel Mode Setting)

Tip: If you have problems with the resolution, check this page.

KMS is required in order to run X and a desktop environment such as GNOME, KDE, Xfce, LXDE, etc. KMS is supported by Intel chipsets that use the i915 DRM driver and is enabled by default as of kernel v2.6.32. Versions 2.10 and newer of the xf86-video-intel driver no longer support UMS (except for the very old 810 chipset family), making the use of KMS mandatory[1]. KMS is typically initialized after the kernel is bootstrapped. It is possible, however, to enable KMS during bootstrap itself, allowing the entire boot process to run at the native resolution.

Note: Users must remove any deprecated references to `vga` or `nomodeset` from boot configuration.

To proceed, add the `i915` module to the `MODULES` line in `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`:

    MODULES="i915"

If you are using a custom EDID file, you should embed it into initramfs as well:

    /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

    FILES="/lib/firmware/edid/your_edid.bin"

Now, regenerate the initramfs:

    # mkinitcpio -p linux

and reboot the system. Everything should work now.

## Module-based Powersaving Options

The i915 kernel module allows for configuration via `/etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf` wherein users can define powersavings options. A listing of options is available via the following command:

    $ modinfo i915 | grep power

An example `/etc/modprobe.d/i915.conf`:

    options i915 i915_enable_rc6=7 i915_enable_fbc=1 lvds_downclock=1

## Tips and tricks

### Choose acceleration method

- UXA - (Unified Acceleration Architecture) is the mature backend that was introduced to support the GEM driver model.
- SNA - (Sandybridge's New Acceleration) is the faster successor for hardware supporting it.

The default method is SNA(as of 2013-08-05[2]), which is less stable but faster than UXA. Check benchmarks done by Phoronix [3]. These can be found here for Sandy Bridge and here for Ivy Bridge. UXA is still a solid option, if experiencing trouble with SNA.

To use the old UXA method, create `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf` with the following content:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
       Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
       Driver      "intel"
       Option      "AccelMethod"  "uxa"
    EndSection

### Setting scaling mode

This can be useful for some full screen applications:

    $ xrandr --output LVDS1 --set PANEL_FITTING param

where `param` can be:

- `center`: resolution will be kept exactly as defined, no scaling will be made,
- `full`: scale the resolution so it uses the entire screen or
- `full_aspect`: scale the resolution to the maximum possible but keep the aspect ratio.

If it does not work, try:

    $ xrandr --output LVDS1 --set "scaling mode" param

where `param` is one of `"Full"`, `"Center"` or `"Full aspect"`.

### KMS Issue: console is limited to small area

One of the low-resolution video ports may be enabled on boot which is causing the terminal to utilize a small area of the screen. To fix, explicitly disable the port with an i915 module setting with `video=SVIDEO-1:d` in the kernel command line parameter in the bootloader. See Kernel parameters for more info.

If that does not work, try disabling TV1 or VGA1 instead of SVIDEO-1.

### H.264 decoding on GMA 4500

The libva-intel-driver package provides MPEG-2 decoding only for GMA 4500 series GPUs. The H.264 decoding support is maintained in a separated g45-h264 branch, which can be used by installing libva-driver-intel-g45-h264 package, available in the Arch User Repository. Note however that this support is experimental and not currently in active development. Using the VA-API with this driver on a GMA 4500 series GPU will offload the CPU but may not result in as smooth a playback as non-accelerated playback. Tests using mplayer showed that using vaapi to play back an H.264 encoded 1080p video halved the CPU load (compared to the XV overlay) but resulted in very choppy playback, while 720p worked reasonably well [4]. This is echoed by other experiences [5].

### Setting gamma and brightness

Intel offers no way to adjust these at the driver level. Luckily these can be set with `xgamma` and `xrandr`.

Gamma can be set with:

    $ xgamma -gamma 1.0

or:

    $ xrandr --output VGA1 --gamma 1.0:1.0:1.0

Brightness can be set with:

    $ xrandr --output VGA1 --brightness 1.0

## Troubleshooting

### Blank screen during boot, when "Loading modules"

If using "late start" KMS and the screen goes blank when "Loading modules", it may help to add `i915` and `intel_agp` to the initramfs. See the above KMS section.

Alternatively, appending the following kernel parameter seems to work as well:

    video=SVIDEO-1:d

If you need to output to VGA then try this:

    video=VGA-1:1280x800

### Tear-free video

The SNA acceleration method causes tearing for some people. To fix this, enable the `"Tearfree"` option in the driver:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
       Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
       Driver      "intel"
       Option      "TearFree"    "true"
    EndSection

Note:

- This option may not work when `SwapbuffersWait` is `false`.
- This option is problematic for applications that are very picky about vsync timing, like Super Meat Boy.
- With this option enabled, various Gnome Shell animations are sensibly slow.

### X freeze/crash with intel driver

Some issues with X crashing, GPU hanging, or problems with X freezing, can be fixed by disabling the GPU usage with the `NoAccel` option:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
       Identifier "Intel Graphics"
       Driver "intel"
       Option "NoAccel" "True"
    EndSection

Alternatively, try to disable the 3D acceleration only with the `DRI` option:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
       Identifier "Intel Graphics"
       Driver "intel"
       Option "DRI" "False"
    EndSection

If you experience crashes and have

    Option "TearFree" "true"
    Option "AccelMethod" "sna"

in your config file, in most cases these can be fixed by adding

    i915.semaphores=1

to your boot parameters.

### Adding undetected resolutions

This issue is covered on the Xrandr page.

### Slowness after an upgrade to libGL 9 and Intel-DRI 9

Downgrade to Intel-DRI 8 and libGL 8.

### Black textures in video games

Users experiencing black textures in video games may find a solution by enabling S3TC texture compression support. It can be enabled through driconf or by installing libtxc_dxtn.

This "issue" will be fixed very soon in the newer drivers.

Read more about S3TC at:

- http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/S3TC
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S3_Texture_Compression

One of the games that is affected by this issue is Oil Rush and World of Warcraft using Wine.

### Weathered colors (colorspace problem)

Note: This problem is related to the changes in the kernel 3.9. This problem still remains in kernel 3.10

Kernel 3.9 contains the Intel driver changes allowing easy RGB Limited range settings which can cause weathered colors in some cases. It is related to the new "Automatic" mode for the "Broadcast RGB" property. One can force mode e.g. `xrandr --output <HDMI> --set "Broadcast RGB" "Full"` (replace `<HDMI>` with the appropriate output device, verify by running `xrandr`). You can add it into your `.xprofile`, make it executable to run the command before it will start the graphical mode.

Note: Some TVs can only display colors from 16-255 so setting to Full will cause color clipping in the 0-15 range so it's best to leave it at Automatic which will automatically detect whether it needs to compress the colorspace for your TV.

Also there are other related problems which can be fixed editing GPU registers. More information can be found [6] and [7].

### Backlight not fully adjusting, or adjusting at all, after resume.

If you are using Intel graphics and have no control over your manufacturer suplied hotkeys for changing screen brightness, try booting the kernel parameter:

    acpi_backlight=vendor

If that doesnt solve the problem, many folks have gotten mileage from either:

    acpi_osi=Linux

or

    acpi_osi="!Windows 2012"

in addition to the earlier mentioned parameter.

If neither of those solve your problem, you should edit/create `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf` with the following content:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
            Identifier  "card0"
            Driver      "intel"
            Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
            BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"

    EndSection

If you are using the SNA acceleration as mentioned above, create the file as follows:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

    Section "Device"
            Identifier  "card0"
            Driver      "intel"
            Option      "AccelMethod"  "sna"
            Option      "Backlight"    "intel_backlight"
            BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"

    EndSection

### Disabling frame buffer compression

On some cards such as Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipsets, enabled and forced frame buffer compression results in endless error messages:

    $ dmesg |tail
    [ 2360.475430] [drm] not enough stolen space for compressed buffer (need 4325376 bytes), disabling
    [ 2360.475437] [drm] hint: you may be able to increase stolen memory size in the BIOS to avoid this

The solution is to disable frame buffer compression which will slightly increase power consumption. In order to disable it add `i915.i915_enable_fbc=0` to the kernel line parameters. More information on the results of disabled compression can be found here.

### Corruption in Chrome/Chromium

If you experience corruption in Chromium set the AccelMethod to "uxa" [8]

## See also

- https://01.org/linuxgraphics/documentation (includes a list of supported hardware)
- KMS - Arch wiki article on kernel mode setting
- Xrandr - Problems setting the resolution
- Arch Linux forums: Intel 945GM, Xorg, Kernel - performance

Retrieved from "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Intel_Graphics&oldid=278844"
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