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# PulseAudio

From ArchWiki

PulseAudio is the default sound server that serves as a proxy to sound applications using existing kernel sound components like ALSA or OSS. Since ALSA is included in Arch Linux by default, the most common deployment scenarios include PulseAudio with ALSA.

Summary
PulseAudio is a general purpose sound server. For a list of features, see Wikipedia:PulseAudio#Features.
Related Articles
PulseAudio/Examples

## Installation

- Required package: pulseaudio
- Optional GTK GUIs: paprefs and pavucontrol
- Optional volume control via mapped keyboard keys: pulseaudio-ctl
- Optional console mixer: ponymix-git and pamixer-git
- Optional system tray icon: pasystray-git
- Optional KDE plasma applet: kdemultimedia-kmix and kdeplasma-applets-veromix

## Running

Warning: If you have per-user copies of configuration files (such as `client.conf`, `daemon.conf` or `default.pa`) in `~/.config/pulse/` or `~/.pulse/`, make sure you keep them in sync with changes to the packaged files in `/etc/pulse/`. Otherwise, PulseAudio may refuse to start due to configuration errors.
Note:

- Pulseaudio requires D-Bus to function.
- Most X11 environments start pulseaudio automatically with the X11 session.

In the unlikely event that pulseaudio is not automatically called upon entering X, it can can be started with:

    $ pulseaudio --start

PulseAudio can be stopped with:

    $ pulseaudio -k

## Equalizer

Newer pulseaudio versions have an intergrated 10-band equalizer system. In order to use the equalizer do the following:

### Load equalizer sink module

    $ pactl load-module module-equalizer-sink

### Install and run the gui frontend

Install python-pyqt4 and execute:

    $ qpaeq

Note: If qpaeq has no effect, install pavucontrol and change "ALSA Playback on" to "FFT based equalizer on ..." while the media player is running.

### Load equalizer module on every boot

Edit the file `/etc/pulse/default.pa` with your favorite editor and append the following lines:

    ### Load the integrated pulseaudio equalizer module
    load-module module-equalizer-sink

## Backend Configuration

### ALSA

- Recommended package: pulseaudio-alsa
- Optional packages: lib32-libpulse and lib32-alsa-plugins

Note: Optional packages are needed only if running x86_64 and wanting to have sound for 32 bit programs (like Wine).

For the applications that do not support PulseAudio and support ALSA it is recommended to install the PulseAudio plugin for ALSA. This package also contains the necessary `/etc/asound.conf` for configuring ALSA to use PulseAudio.

To prevent applications from using ALSA's OSS emulation and bypassing Pulseaudio (thereby preventing other applications from playing sound), make sure the module `snd_pcm_oss` is not being loaded at boot. If it is currently loaded (`lsmod|grep oss`), disable it by executing:

    # rmmod snd_pcm_oss

### ALSA/dmix without grabbing hardware device

Note: This section describes alternative configuration, which is generally not recommended.

You may want to use ALSA directly in most of your applications and to be able to use other applications, which constantly require PulseAudio at the same time. The following steps allow you to make PulseAudio use dmix instead of grabbing ALSA hardware device.

- Remove package pulseaudio-alsa, which provides compatibility layer between ALSA applications and PulseAudio. After this your ALSA apps will use ALSA directly without being hooked by Pulse.

- Edit `/etc/pulse/default.pa`.

  Find and uncomment lines which load backend drivers. Add device parameters as follows. Then find and comment lines which load autodetect modules.

    load-module module-alsa-sink device=dmix
    load-module module-alsa-source device=dsnoop
    # load-module module-udev-detect
    # load-module module-detect

- Optional: If you use kdemultimedia-kmix you may want to control ALSA volume instead of PulseAudio volume:

    $ echo export KMIX_PULSEAUDIO_DISABLE=1 > ~/.kde4/env/kmix_disable_pulse.sh
    $ chmod +x ~/.kde4/env/kmix_disable_pulse.sh

- Now, reboot your computer and try running alsa and pulseaudio applications at the same time. They both should produce sound simultaneously.

  Use pavucontrol to control PulseAudio volume if needed.

### OSS

There are multiple ways of making OSS-only programs play to PulseAudio:

#### ossp

Install ossp package and start ossp service.

#### padsp wrapper (part of PulseAudio)

Programs using OSS can work with PulseAudio by starting it with padsp:

    $ padsp OSSprogram

A few examples:

    $ padsp aumix
    $ padsp sox foo.wav -t ossdsp /dev/dsp

You can also add a custom wrapper script like this:

    /usr/local/bin/OSSProgram

    #!/bin/sh
    exec padsp /usr/bin/OSSprogram "$@"

Make sure `/usr/local/bin` comes before `/usr/bin` in your PATH.

### GStreamer

To make GStreamer use PulseAudio, you need to install gst-plugins-good or gstreamer0.10-good-plugins.

### OpenAL

OpenAL Soft should use PulseAudio by default, but can be explicitly configured to do so:

    /etc/openal/alsoft.conf

    drivers=pulse,alsa

### libao

Edit the libao configuration file:

    # /etc/libao.conf

    default_driver=pulse

Be sure to remove the `dev=default` option of the alsa driver or adjust it to specify a specific Pulse sink name or number.

Note: You could possibly also keep the libao standard of outputting to the alsa driver and its default device if you install pulseaudio-alsa since the ALSA default device then is PulseAudio.

### ESD

PulseAudio is a drop-in replacement for the enlightened sound daemon (ESD). While PulseAudio is running, ESD clients should be able to output to it without configuration.

## Desktop environments

### General X11

Note: As mentioned previously, PulseAudio is very likely launched automatically via either `/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/pulseaudio` or the files in `/etc/xdg/autostart/` if users have some DE installed.

Check to see if PulseAudio is running:

    $ ps aux | grep pulse

     facade   1794  0.0  0.0 360464  6532 ?        S<l  15:33   0:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start
     facade   1827  0.0  0.0  68888  2608 ?        S    15:33   0:00 /usr/lib/pulse/gconf-helper

If Pulseaudio is not running and users are using X, the following will start PulseAudio with the needed the X11 plugins manually:

    $ start-pulseaudio-x11

If you are not running Gnome, KDE or XFCE and your `~/.xinitrc` does not source the scripts in `/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d` (such as is done in the example file `/etc/skel/.xinitrc`) then you can launch PulseAudio on boot with:

    ~/.xinitrc

    /usr/bin/start-pulseaudio-x11

### GNOME

As of GNOME 3, GNOME fully integrates with PulseAudio and no extra configuration is needed.

### KDE 3

PulseAudio is not a drop-in replacement for aRts. Users of KDE 3 cannot use PulseAudio. However note, recent versions of PulseAudio may have eliminated the prohibition:

See: http://www.pulseaudio.org/wiki/PerfectSetup KDE 3 uses the artsd sound server by default. However, artsd itself can be configured to use an Esound backend. Edit `kcmartsrc` (either in `/etc/kde` or `/usr/share/config` for global configuration or `.kde/share/config` to configure only one user) like this:

    [Arts]
    Arguments=\s-F 10 -S 4096 -a esd -n -s 1 -m artsmessage -c drkonqi -l 3 -f
    NetworkTransparent=true
    SuspendTime=1

### KDE Plasma Workspaces and Qt4

PulseAudio, it will be used by KDE/Qt4 applications. For more information see the KDE page in the PulseAudio wiki.

PulseAudio support has been merged into KMix, the default KDE sound mixer.

If the phonon-gstreamer backend is used for Phonon, GStreamer should also be configured to use PulseAudio by installing gstreamer0.10-good-plugins.

One useful tidbit from that page is to add `load-module module-device-manager` to `/etc/pulse/default.pa`.

Additionally, the kdeplasma-applets-veromix is available in the AUR as a KDE alternative to KMix or pavucontrol.

### Xfce

Applications running under Xfce can take advantage of PulseAudio. To manage PulseAudio settings you can use pavucontrol.

## Applications

### Audacious

Audacious natively supports PulseAudio. In order to use it, set Audacious Preferences -> Audio -> Current output plugin to 'PulseAudio Output Plugin'.

### Java/OpenJDK 6

Create a wrapper for the java executable using padsp as seen on the Java sound with Pulseaudio page.

### Music Player Daemon (MPD)

configure MPD to use PulseAudio. See also MPD/Tips and Tricks#MPD and PulseAudio.

### MPlayer

MPlayer natively supports PulseAudio output with the "`-ao pulse`" option. It can also be configured to default to PulseAudio output, in `~/.mplayer/config` for per-user, or `/etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf` for system-wide:

    /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf

    ao=pulse

### Skype (x86_64 only)

Install lib32-libpulse, otherwise the following error will occur when trying to initiate a call: "Problem with Audio Playback".

## Troubleshooting

### No sound after install

#### Muted audio device

If one experiences no audio output via any means while using ALSA, attempt to unmute the sound card. To do this, launch `alsamixer` and make sure each column has a green 00 under it (this can be toggled by pressing `m`):

    $ alsamixer -c 0

Note: alsamixer won't tell you which output device is set as the default. One possible cause of no sound after install is that pulseaudio detects the wrong output device as a default. To check, install pavucontrol:

    $ sudo pacman -S pavucontrol
    $ pavucontrol &

Try playing a .wav with aplay or mplayer -ao pulse, and see if you see any output on the pavucontrol panel.

#### Auto-Mute Mode

Auto-Mute Mode may be enabled. It can be disabled using `alsamixer`.

See http://superuser.com/questions/431079/how-to-disable-auto-mute-mode for more.

#### Bad configuration files

If after starting pulseaudio, the system outputs no sound, it may be necessary to delete the contents of `~/.pulse`. Pulseaudio will automatically create new configuration files on its next start.

#### Flash content

Since Adobe Flash does not directly support PulseAudio the recommended way is to configure ALSA to use the virtual PulseAudio soundcard.

Alternatively you may try out libflashsupport-pulse from the AUR.

Note: This may invariably crash the flash plugin.

#### No cards

If PulseAudio starts, run `pacmd list`. If no cards are reported, make sure that the ALSA devices are not in use:

    $ fuser -v /dev/snd/*
    $ fuser -v /dev/dsp

Make sure any applications using the pcm or dsp files are shut down before restarting PulseAudio.

#### The only device shown is "dummy output"

This may be caused by different reasons, one of them being the `.asoundrc` file in $HOME is taking precedence over the systemwide `/etc/asound.conf`.

The user file is modified also by the tool `asoundconf` or by its graphical variant `asoundconf-gtk` (the latter is named "Default sound card" in the menu) as soon as it runs. Prevent the effects of `.asoundrc` altogether by commenting the last line like this:

    .asoundrc

    # </home/yourusername/.asoundrc.asoundconf>

Maybe some program is monopolizing the audio device:

    # fuser -v /dev/snd/*

                         USER       PID  ACCESS COMMAND
    /dev/snd/controlC0:  root        931 F....  timidity
                         bob        1195 F....  panel-6-mixer
    /dev/snd/controlC1:  bob        1195 F....  panel-6-mixer
                         bob        1215 F....  pulseaudio
    /dev/snd/pcmC0D0p:   root        931 F...m  timidity
    /dev/snd/seq:        root        931 F....  timidity
    /dev/snd/timer:      root        931 f....  timidity

That means timidity blocks pulseaudio from accessing the audio devices. Just killing timidity will make the sound work again.

Another reason is FluidSynth conclicting with pulseaudio as discussed in this thread. The solution is to remove FluidSynth:

    # pacman -Rnsc fluidsynth

#### KDE4

It may be that another output device set as preferred in phonon. Make sure that every setting reflects the preferred output device at the top, and check the playback streams tab in `kmix` to make sure that applications are using the device for output.

#### Failed to create sink input: sink is suspended

If you do not have any output sound and receive dozens of errors related to a suspended sink in your `journalctl -b` log, then backup first and then delete your user-specific pulse folders:

    $ rm -r ~/.pulse ~/.pulse-cookie

### No HDMI sound output after some time with the monitor turned off

The monitor is connected via HDMI/DisplayPort, and the audio jack is plugged in the headphone jack of the monitor, but pulseaudio insists that it's unplugged:

    pactl list sinks

    ...
    hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (priority: 5900, not available)
    ...

This leads to no sound coming from HDMI output. A workaround for this is to switch to another TTY and back again. This problem has been reported by ATI/Nvidia/Intel users.

### Can't update configuration of sound device in pavucontrol

pavucontrol is a handy GUI utility for configuring pulseaudio. Under its 'Configuration' tab, you can select different profiles for each of your sound devices e.g. analogue stereo, digital output (IEC958), HDMI 5.1 Surround etc.

However, you may run into an instance where selecting a different profile for a card results in the pulse daemon crashing and auto restarting without the new selection "sticking". If this occurs, use the other useful GUI tool, paprefs, to check under the "Simultaneous Output" tab for a virtual simultaneous device. If this setting is active (checked), it will prevent you changing any card's profile in pavucontrol. Uncheck this setting, then adjust your profile in pavucontrol prior to re-enabling simultaneous output in paprefs.

### Simultaneous output to multiple sound cards / devices

Simultaneous output to two different devices can be very useful. For example, being able to send audio to your A/V receiver via your graphics card's HDMI output, while also sending the same audio through the analogue output of your motherboard's built-in audio. This is much less hassle than it used to be (in this example, we are using GNOME desktop).

Using paprefs, simply select "Add virtual output device for simultaneous output on all local sound cards" from under the "Simultaneous Output" tab. Then, under GNOME's "sound settings", select the simultaneous output you have just created.

If this doesn't work, try adding the following to `~/.asoundrc`:

    pcm.dsp {
       type plug
       slave.pcm "dmix"
    }

### Simultaneous output to multiple sinks on the same sound card not working

This can be useful for users who have multiple sound sources and want to play them on different sinks/outputs. An example use-case for this would be if you play music and also voice chat and want to output music to speakers (in this case Digital S/PDIF) and voice to headphones. (Analog)

This is sometimes auto detected by pulseaudio but not always. If you know that your soundcard can output to both Analog and S/PDIF at the same time and pulseaudio does not have this option in it's profiles in pavucontrol, or veromix then you probably need to create a configuration file for your soundcard.

More in detail you need to create a profile-set for your specific soundcard. This is done in two steps mostly.

- Create udev rule to make pulseaudio choose your pulseaudio configuration file specific to the soundcard.
- Create the actual configuration.

Create a pulseadio udev rule.

Note: This is only an example for Asus Xonar Essence STX. Read udev to find out the correct values.
Note: Your configuration file should have lower number than the original pulseaudio rule to take effect.

    /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/90-pulseaudio-Xonar-STX.rules

    ACTION=="change", SUBSYSTEM=="sound", KERNEL=="card*", \
    ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x1043", ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x835c", ENV{PULSE_PROFILE_SET}="asus-xonar-essence-stx.conf"

Create now a configuration file. If you bother you can start from scratch and make if saucy. However you can also use the default configuration file rename it and then add your profile there that you know works. Less pretty but also faster.

To enable multiple sinks for Asus Xonar Essence STX you need only to add this in.

Note: `asus-xonar-essence-stx.conf` also includes all code/mappings from `default.conf`.

    /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/profile-sets/asus-xonar-essence-stx.conf

    [Profile analog-stereo+iec958-stereo]
    description = Analog Stereo Duplex + Digital Stereo Output
    input-mappings = analog-stereo
    output-mappings = analog-stereo iec958-stereo
    skip-probe = yes

This will auto-profile your Asus Xonar Essence STX with default profiles and add your own profile so you can have multiple sinks.

You need to create another profile in the configuration file if you want to have the same functionality with AC3 Digital 5.1 output.

See pulseaudio article about profiles

### Bluetooth headset replay problems

Some user report huge delays or even no sound when the bluetooth connection does not send any data. This is due to an idle-suspend-module that puts the related sinks/sources automatically into suspend. As this can cause problems with headset, the responsible module can be deactivated.

    $ cp /etc/pulse/default.pa ~/.pulse/default.pa

    ~/.pulse/default.pa

    ; load-module module-suspend-on-idle

    $ pulseaudio -k && pulseaudio --start

More information

### Automatically switch to Bluetooth or USB headset

Add the following:

    /etc/pulse/default.pa

    # automatically switch to newly-connected devices
    load-module module-switch-on-connect

### Pulse overwrites ALSA settings

Pulseaudio usually overwrites the ALSA settings- for example set with alsamixer- at start up, even when the alsa daemon is loaded. Since there seems to be no other way to restrict this behaviour, a workaround is to restore the alsa settings again after pulseaudio had started. Add the following command to `.xinitrc` or `.bash_profile` or any other autostart file:

    restore_alsa() {
     while [ -z "$(pidof pulseaudio)" ]; do
      sleep 0.5
     done
     alsactl -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state restore
    }
    restore_alsa &

### Prevent Pulse from restarting after being killed

Sometimes you may wish to temporarily disable Pulse. In order to do so you will have to prevent Pulse from restarting after being killed.

    $ echo autospawn=no > ~/.pulse/client.conf

### Daemon startup failed

Try resetting PulseAudio:

    $ rm -rf /tmp/pulse* ~/.pulse*
    $ pulseaudio -k
    $ pulseaudio --start

If there is no server running but pulseaudio fails to start with an error message "User-configured server at ... refusing to start/autospawn", the issue may be with PulseAudio settings from a previous login. Check to see if there are any stale properties attached to the X11 root window with `pax11publish -d`, and if there are, remove them with `pax11publish -r` before trying to start the server. This manual cleanup is always required when using LXDM because it does not restart the X server on logout; see LXDM#PulseAudio.

#### inotify issue

If the previous fix doesn't work, see if you get an error like this:

    $ pulseaudio -vvvv

    E: [pulseaudio] module-udev-detect.c: You apparently ran out of inotify watches, probably because Tracker/Beagle took them all away. I wished people would do their homework first and fix inotify before using it for watching whole directory trees which is something the current inotify is certainly not useful for. Please make sure to drop the Tracker/Beagle guys a line complaining about their broken use of inotify.

In which case you have run out of inotify watches.

This can quickly be resolved by:

    # echo 100000 > /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches

To have it permanently changed, use:

    /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf

    # Increase inotify max watchs per user
    fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 100000

### padevchooser

If one cannot launch the PulseAudio Device Chooser, first restart the Avahi daemon (avahi-daemon).

### Glitches, skips or crackling

The newer implementation of PulseAudio sound server uses a timer-based audio scheduling instead of the traditional interrupt-driven approach.

Timer-based scheduling may expose issues in some ALSA drivers. On the other hand, other drivers might be glitchy without it on, so check to see what works on your system.

To turn timer-based scheduling off add `tsched=0` in `/etc/pulse/default.pa`:

    /etc/pulse/default.pa

    load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0

Then restart the PulseAudio server:

    $ pulseaudio -k
    $ pulseaudio --start

Do the reverse to enable timer-based scheduling, if not already enabled by default.

Please report any such cards to PulseAudio Broken Sound Driver page

### Setting the default fragment number and buffer size in Pulseaudio

More Information

#### Finding out your audio device parameters (1/4)

To find your sound card buffering settings:

    $ echo autospawn = no >> ~/.pulse/client.conf
    $ pulseaudio -k
    $ LANG=C timeout --foreground -k 10 -s kill 10 pulseaudio -vvvv 2>&1 | grep device.buffering -B 10
    $ sed -i '$d' ~/.pulse/client.conf

For each sound card detected by Pulseaudio, you will see output similar to this:

    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel at 0xfa200000 irq 46"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.bus = "pci"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.vendor.id = "8086"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.product.name = "82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.form_factor = "internal"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.string = "front:0"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.buffering.buffer_size = "768000"
    I: [pulseaudio] source.c:     device.buffering.fragment_size = "384000"

Take note the buffer_size and fragment_size values for the relevant sound card.

#### Calculate your fragment size in msecs and number of fragments (2/4)

Pulseaudio's default sampling rate and bit depth are set to `44100Hz` @ `16 bits`.

With this configuration, the bit rate we need is `44100`*`16` = `44100` is disabled and needs to be changed to `96000`:

    # sed 's/; default-sample-rate = 44100/default-sample-rate = 96000/g' -i /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

#### Restart pulseaudio to apply the new settings (4/5)

    $ pulseaudio -k
    $ pulseaudio --start

#### Finally check by recording and playing it back (5/5)

Let us record some voice using mic for say 10 seconds. Make sure the mic is not muted and all

    $ arecord -f cd -d 10 test-mic.wav

After 10 seconds, let us play the recording...

    $ aplay test-mic.wav

Now hopefully, there is no static noise in microphone recording anymore.

### My Bluetooth device is paired but does not play any sound

See the article in Bluetooth section

Starting from PulseAudio 2.99 and bluez 4.101 you should avoid using Socket interface. Do NOT use:

    /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf

    [General]
    Enable=Socket

If you face problems with A2DP and PA 2.99 make sure you have sbc library.

### Subwoofer stops working after end of every song

Known issue: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/494099

To fix this, must edit: `/etc/pulse/daemon.conf` and enable `enable-lfe-remixing` :

    /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

    enable-lfe-remixing = yes

### Pulseaudio uses wrong microphone

If Pulseaudio uses the wrong microphone, and changing the Input Device with Pavucontrol did not help, take a look at alsamixer. It seems that Pavucontrol does not always set the input source correctly.

    $ alsamixer

Press `F6` and choose your sound card, e.g. HDA Intel. Now press `F5` to display all items. Try to find the item: `Input Source`. With the up/down arrow keys you are able to change the input source.

Now try if the correct microphone is used for recording.

### Choppy Sound with Analog Surround Sound Setup

The low-frequency effects (LFE) channel is not remixed per default. To enable it the following needs to be set in `/etc/pulse/daemon.conf` :

    /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

    enable-lfe-remixing = yes

### No sound below a volume cutoff

Known issue (won't fix): https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/223133

If sound doesn't play when Pulseaudio's volume is set below a certain level, try `ignore_dB=1` in `/etc/pulse/default.pa`:

    /etc/pulse/default.pa

    load-module module-udev-detect ignore_dB=1

However, be aware that it may cause another bug preventing pulseaudio to unmute speakers when headphones or other audio devices are unplugged.

### Low volume for internal mic

If you experience low volume on internal notebook microphone, try setting:

    /etc/pulse/default.pa

    set-source-volume 1 300000

### Clients alter master output volume (aka volume jumps to 100% after running application)

If changing volume in specific applications changes also master output volume you can try to diasble flat volumes. Set:

    /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

    flat-volumes = no

Then restart Pulseaudio daemon:

    # pulseaudio -k
    # pulseaudio --start

### Realtime scheduling

If rtkit doesn't work, you can manually set up your system to run PulseAudio with realtime scheduling, which can help performance. To do this, add the following lines to `/etc/security/limits.conf`:

    @pulse-rt - rtprio 9
    @pulse-rt - nice -11

Afterwards, you need to add your user to the `pulse-rt` group:

    # gpasswd -a <user> pulse-rt

## See also

- http://www.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/Asoundrc - Alsa wiki on .asoundrc
- http://www.pulseaudio.org/ - PulseAudio official site
- http://www.pulseaudio.org/wiki/FAQ - PulseAudio FAQ

Retrieved from "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=PulseAudio&oldid=280344"
Categories:

- Audio/Video
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