Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide:
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# 17.1. Analyzing a System Script

Using our knowledge of administrative commands, let us examine a system script. One of the shortest and simplest to understand scripts is "killall," [1] used to suspend running processes at system shutdown.

Example 17-12. killall, from `/etc/rc.d/init.d`

    #!/bin/sh

    # --> Comments added by the author of this document marked by "# -->".

    # --> This is part of the 'rc' script package
    # --> by Miquel van Smoorenburg, <miquels@drinkel.nl.mugnet.org>.

    # --> This particular script seems to be Red Hat / FC specific
    # --> (may not be present in other distributions).

    #  Bring down all unneeded services that are still running
    #+ (there shouldn't be any, so this is just a sanity check)

    for i in /var/lock/subsys/*; do
            # --> Standard for/in loop, but since "do" is on same line,
            # --> it is necessary to add ";".
            # Check if the script is there.
            [ ! -f $i ] && continue
            # --> This is a clever use of an "and list", equivalent to:
            # --> if [ ! -f "$i" ]; then continue

            # Get the subsystem name.
            subsys=${i#/var/lock/subsys/}
            # --> Match variable name, which, in this case, is the file name.
            # --> This is the exact equivalent of subsys=`basename $i`.

            # -->  It gets it from the lock file name
            # -->+ (if there is a lock file,
            # -->+ that's proof the process has been running).
            # -->  See the "lockfile" entry, above.

            # Bring the subsystem down.
            if [ -f /etc/rc.d/init.d/$subsys.init ]; then
               /etc/rc.d/init.d/$subsys.init stop
            else
               /etc/rc.d/init.d/$subsys stop
            # -->  Suspend running jobs and daemons.
            # -->  Note that "stop" is a positional parameter,
            # -->+ not a shell builtin.
            fi
    done

That wasn't so bad. Aside from a little fancy footwork with variable matching, there is no new material there.

Exercise 1. In `/etc/rc.d/init.d`, analyze the halt script. It is a bit longer than killall, but similar in concept. Make a copy of this script somewhere in your home directory and experiment with it (do not run it as root). Do a simulated run with the `-vn` flags (`sh -vn scriptname`). Add extensive comments. Change the commands to echos.

Exercise 2. Look at some of the more complex scripts in `/etc/rc.d/init.d`. Try to understand at least portions of them. Follow the above procedure to analyze them. For some additional insight, you might also examine the file `sysvinitfiles` in `/usr/share/doc/initscripts-?.??`, which is part of the "initscripts" documentation.

### Notes

[1] | The killall system script should not be confused with the killall command in `/usr/bin`.

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